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Types Of Vaginal Discharge And What They Signify

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At least once in your life as a woman you may experience a vaginal discharge.

Sometimes, this inevitable event may cause you concern. You may start to worry about your health.

In this article, we would answer basic questions about vaginal discharge; the types, significance and causes.

What Is Vaginal Discharge?

A vaginal discharge is any secretion that is released from the vagina at any point in time. The discharge could come from the womb , the cervix or the walls of the vagina.

Often times, women wonder if a vaginal discharge is normal or not.

What’s A Normal Discharge?

In most cases, a normal discharge is made up of exfoliated (shed) vaginal skin cells, bacteria, as well as secretions from the vagina itself, womb and cervix .

Normal vaginal discharge is usually clear or milky and it may have a gentle scent that is NOT unpleasant or irritating.

The vagina actually contains a broad range of bacteria. 95% of which function to keep the vagina safe from other unwanted bacteria which cause several urinary tract infections (UTIs which is any infection in the kidneys, bladder, or the “pipes”that connect them to each other and the outside of the body ) .

A healthy vagina is expected to have a slightly acidic pH. Interestingly this wards off unwanted bacteria.

What Are the Types?

Vaginal Discharge varies over the course of a female’s menstrual cycle.

These changes result in the varying types of discharge. Some of them include:

Itching and the presence of curdled , white /cream vaginal discharge (like cottage cheese) is common in yeast infections (thrush)
Itching and the presence of curdled , white /cream vaginal discharge (like cottage cheese) is common in yeast infections (thrush)
  • White: Most women observe a thick and white discharge at the beginning and end of their cycles. In normal conditions, this white discharge is not associated with any form of itching. Therefore, when itching occurs, the white discharge may be a symptom of yeast infection.
  • Yellow or Green: Greenish or yellowish discharge may signify the presence of an infection such as trichomoniasis.
  • Brown: Brown discharge may occur immediately after periods. This simply means your vagina is being ‘cleaned up’ because dry blood looks brownish.
Passage of dark to rusty brown discharge signal the end of the menstrual cycle
Passage of dark to rusty brown discharge signals “old blood” the end of the menstrual cycle.
  • Spotting Blood: Blood may be observed in vaginal discharge when you are ovulating , in the middle of your circle or after childbirth. Sometimes, a spotting like this occurs in the first month of pregnancy.
  • Clear and Slimy: In this case, the vaginal discharge means you are ovulating. It’s usally stretchy when felt between the fingers and varies in thickness.
  • Clear & Watery; this type of discharge occurs at various points of your cycle, especially after strenuous exercise.
Clear slimey vagnal discharge (like egg whites) usually signifies ovulation
Clear slimey vagnal discharge ( like egg white) usually signifies ovulation .
Image : Shutterstock

When Should I Get Worried?

Not Immediately….

However, we advise that you take note of the various types of discharge listed above. In addition to this, it is advisable to speak with a qualified medical practitioner if you observe a coloured or bloody discharge.

If you experience any of these symptoms, please consult your doctor:

  • Rashes or blisters
  • Burning sensations on your genital region
  • Pain on your tummy or genital region
  • Itching
  • Sores

What Factors Affect The Sort Of Discharge?

Several factors may alter the volume, color and scent of a discharge. Some of these factors include:

  • Sexual activity and number of Sexual Partners
  • Medication and birth Control Use
  • Associating Medical Conditions (such as Diabetes)
  • The presence of foreign bodies such as cervical cerclage tape or intauterine contraceptive device

In Conclusion

Vaginal discharge is inevitable.

What really matters is the volume, colour and scent of the discharge in question. It is advisable to remain observant and take not of any drastic or uncomfortable changes around your private area.

Do not hesitate to speak to a doctor whenever you notice these changes.

We are here to help you

Is Bleeding After Childbirth Normal ?
What you need to know about vaginal discharge
Reference

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Preeclampsia

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Melinda was a beautiful, 37 year-old woman who was pregnant with her second baby. After divorcing her first partner, she decided to try IVF with her new partner as she was getting older. Unfortunately, she died in childbirth as a complication of a medical condition called preeclampsia.

So what is preeclampsia, you may ask?

Preeclampsia is a condition seen in pregnant women and it shows the following characteristics:

  • High blood pressure
  • Presence of proteins in the urine
  • Swelling of the legs and hand due to accumulation of fluid in the body.
High blood pressure is one of the symptoms of pre eclampsia
High blood pressure is one of the symptoms of pre eclampsia

Preeclampsia is usually seen at after the 20th week of pregnancy, although it can occur before that.

Some women may also complain of other symptoms like severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, a dramatic weight gain due to increase in body fluid, belly pain and dizziness.

Signs of pre-eclampsia

What are the causes of preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia develops only as a complication of pregnancy. Some studies attribute it to issues with the way the placenta implants to the mother’s womb. There has been no certified reason. However, risk factors include:

Age. If you are quite young (less than 18 years) or older than 35, you have a higher chance of getting it.

Obesity. The risk of preeclampsia is higher if you’re overweight or obese.

Multiple pregnancy. Women carrying more than one baby (twins or more) are at a higher risk of developing preeclampsia.

Interval between pregnancies. If you have less than two years’ interval between your children, or there are are more than 10 years between them, you might be at higher risk.

History of certain conditions. Women with a previous history of diabetes, chronic hypertension are also at higher risk.

New paternity. Like Melinda, each pregnancy with a new partner increases the risk.

First pregnancy. The risk is highest during your first pregnancy.

Race. Black women have been shown to be at higher risk of developing preeclampsia.

History of preeclampsia. If anyone in your family has had pre-eclempsia, there is a chance it might occur again.

Complications

Some complications of preeclampsia include:

  • Fetal growth restriction. Preeclampsia may affect the arteries carrying blood to the placenta. This would lead to a reduction in nutrients reaching the baby and thus, stunted growth of the baby.
  • Preterm birth. Severe preeclampsia is a medical emergency and can lead to preterm. Prematurity can lead to breathing and other problems for your baby.
  • Eclampsia. In severe cases, the woman might progress to eclampsia, which is characterised by seizures
  • Organ damage. Preeclampsia may result in damage to organs like the kidneys, liver, lung, heart, or eyes. It can also cause a stroke or other brain injury. The extent of the damage depends on how severe the preeclampsia.

The earlier it occurs in pregnancy, the greater the risks for mother and child.

Prevention

There is no clear-cut way that has been proven to treat this condition. However, some studies have reported an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of preeclampsia.

Before you become pregnant, it is quite important to be in your best state of health. Also, using your Body Mass Index (BMI), try to attain your optimal weight and make sure other conditions, such as diabetes, are well-managed. Last but not the least, please visit your antenatal clinic as regularly as possible.

References

Kee-Hak Lim; 15/06/2020; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1476919-overview

WebMD; 15/06/2020; https://www.webmd.com/baby/preeclampsia-eclampsia#1

Losing Baby Weight Fast: Strategies That Are Guaranteed To Work

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Losing Baby Weight Fast: Strategies That Are Guaranteed To Work

Nkem stared long and hard at herself in the mirror; and she didn’t like what she saw.

It had been two weeks since she delivered her baby. She expected that by now, she’d have shed most of the weight gained during pregnancy.

Getting on a scale can be scarey
Getting on a scale can be scarey

After all, she had seen celebrities do it.

Sadly, her current body was far from its pre-pregnancy state. She now had fat in her tummy, arranged in rolls that weren’t there before. Her clothes still did not fit and putting on jeans has become a deep struggle.

Baby Fat
Source: Shutterstock

Although she loved her baby and enjoyed the entire pregnancy process, Nkem was not pleased with the weight gain and had hoped to shed it as soon as possible.

Unfortunately, this was proving very difficult.         

Just like Nkem, many women struggle with shedding excess weight after childbirth. Most give up along the way, thinking it is an impossible feat.

If you’re in these shoes, you need not worry.

Losing baby weight is achievable and we are here to help you with the right way to go about it.          

What Is Baby Weight?  

Weight gain during pregnancy is normal.

Your body stores extra fat to prepare for childbirth and breastfeeding. Storing too much causes excess weight gain, called “baby weight”.

Here’s How To Lose Baby Weight

 A combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise is the best way.

Regular Diet and Exercise is essential for healthy living
Source: Shutterstock

The extent of weight loss achievable varies from woman to woman. The amount of weight gained during pregnancy also plays a role.

However, regardless of your body type, we have compiled some tips to help you lose the extra pounds, especially around your tummy!

  • Calorie Counting

Counting calories is a great way to lose weight. Experts recommend that your calorie budget should be designed so that you lose no more than 1 pound (approximately 1/2kg) per week.

This can be achieved by subtracting 500 calories from your daily calorie requirement, creating a weekly deficit of 3,500 calories. This equates to 1pound.

As a nursing mother, you do not need to subtract from your daily requirement. Producing breast milk requires about 450-500 extra calories. Therefore, taking the same number of calories as you did before getting pregnant would still help you lose weight.

  • Food Logging

A food log is a diary where you record down everything you eat. It is an efficient way to keep track of calories. You can do this with a physical diary where you write down everything you eat.

Calorie counting apps can also be used to keep track of your calorie intake. Some of these apps give you the caloric content of foods.

This helps you know the right portions to eat for your budget.

Planning is essential on your weight loss journey
Planning is crucial!
Source: Canva

A Healthy Diet Is Key

A healthy diet does not translate to boring food, neither does it mean eating fruits and vegetables only.

Your aim is a well-balanced diet that provides the right nutrients in the right quantity, at the same time, helping you lose general body weight and tummy fat.

Some modifications you could make to your diet include;

  1. Cutting back on carbs (White bread, pasta and chips)
  2. Including more protein (Lean beef, Seafood, Eggs and Beans)
  3. Eating more vegetables (Tomatoes, Bitter leaves, Water leaves, Cabbage, Cucumbers and Carrots)
  4. Consuming only healthy fats (Olive, Coconut and Avocado oils)
  5. Eating high-fibre foods (Oats, Abacha [African salad], Avocados and Whole-wheat bread)
  6. Taking more fruits (Apples, Berries and Oranges)
  • Avoid Junk Food

Junk food is not your friend when trying to lose to baby weight, especially around your tummy.

It does very little for your body.

Sugary drinks, alcohol and foods containing refined sugars are high in calories and low in nutrients. In addition, processed, fried and salty foods like chips, cookies and baked goods do not help you.

Junk food contains high level carbohydrates and calories
Avoid food with high level calories
source: Shutterstock

Try replacing them with fresh, whole foods and watch your the inches disappear from your waist!

Other means include;

  • Get More Sleep

Lack of sleep may affect your weight loss negatively. The recommended amount is 8hours a day. Although it may prove difficult with your newborn, try to get as much sleep as you can.

  • Exercise

Exercise is a great way to burn extra calories. Go easy if you are a new mum, you can even try taking a walk with your baby. Yoga is also a good way to help you relax; some poses like the camel pose could help reduce tummy fat.

Pelvic exercises like kegel exercises are also encouraged. You could also include cardio exercises, e.g. jogging, running, and cycling as time passes.

  • Ask For Help

Your partner, family and friends are there for you. They could help prepare healthy meals or take care of your baby. This allows you rest, catch up on some lost sleep and exercise.

Also, if you need professional help, your doctor, family nurse, or a psychologist could offer support.

What You Should Avoid

  • Starvation

Depriving yourself of food is going to harm you and your baby. Food is not your enemy, your body needs it to stay alive.

Losing excess baby weight is necessary, but starvation is not the way to go about it. Sticking to a healthy diet and exercise plan is a better approach guaranteed to get you desired results.

  • Crash Dieting

The best weight loss plans are the long-term ones. While crash dieting may give you fast results, these are only temporary.

You would most likely end up gaining all the weight you lost, or even more! Same thing goes for skipping meals.

Comparison Is Wrong

Do not compare yourself to other mothers.

Everybody’s weight loss journey is different, some may take longer than others. Therefore, you should focus on yourself and your baby. You would lose the weight in due time.

Losing Baby Weight And Breast Feeding

Producing breast milk uses up calories. When these calories are gotten from the fat stored in your body, you lose baby weight faster. Additionally, regular suckling by your baby leads to the production of oxytocin. 

This hormone causes uterine contraction and helps it shrink back to its pre-pregnancy state. This would in turn reduce your tummy size.

It is crucial that you do not lose too much weight too fast. This would not be good for you and your baby. The quantity and quality of your breast milk could suffer. Aim to lose weight gradually. This would give you enough energy and keep your milk supply high.

In Summary

Achieving a healthy weight after pregnancy is important, but it should be done the right way. Being realistic would help you avoid unnecessary stress and anxiety.

Furthermore, keep in mind that despite what many women’s magazines and celebrity stories portray, weight loss after childbirth is not automatic. It would take time, and you may not go back to your pre-baby weight straight away.

Although the amount of weight you lose after giving birth may vary, it is important that you return to a healthy weight range.

The best way to achieve this is through a healthy diet and exercise.

References
  • Anisha Nair 2018, Yoga after Delivery-Getting Back into Shape After Childbirth, Firstcry Parenting, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/yoga-after-delivery-getting-back-into-shape-after-childbirth>.
  • Donna Murray 2020, Breastfeeding and Losing Too Much Weight, Verywell Family, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.verywellfamily.com/breastfeeding-and-losing-too-much-weight-431877>.
  • Elise Mandl 2017, 16 Effective Tips to Lose Baby Weight After Pregnancy, Healthline, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/weight-loss-after-pregnancy>.
  • Kris Gunnars 2019, 50 Foods That Are Super Healthy, Healthline, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/50-super-healthy-foods>.
  • Maria Masters 2019, Losing The Baby Weight: The Truth About Shedding Pounds After Birth, What To Expect, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/losing-baby-weight>.
  • Nicci Micco 2020, Lose That Baby Fat, Parents, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.parents.com/parenting/moms/healthy-mom/lose-that-baby-fat/>.
  • Sarah G. Miller 2016, The Best Ways to Lose Weight After Pregnancy, Live Science, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.livescience.com/53768-how-to-lose-weight-after-pregnancy.html>.
  • Shutterstock Images
How do I loose weight after childbirth?

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What Skin Changes Could I Expect During Pregnancy?

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Pregnancy brings a lot of changes to the female body.  And while a lot more goes on internally, the more obvious changes occur on the skin. These changes may be a source of anxiety for some women as their skin undergoes what some would call drastic changes. Together, we would go through some of the changes we might see on the skin during pregnancy.

What are some changes we might see on the skin during pregnancy?

Hyperpigmentation and linea nigra: The line nigra is a dark line that runs in the middleof the tummy. It starts from just below the breast to the pubic hair. It is a part of the hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) which occurs due to hormonal changes. This darkening is more noticeable on inner thighs, genitals,the ski around the base of the nipple (areola) and neck. It usually clears up after childbirth. However, some dark spots do not go away. Wearing sunscreen and hats when you are outdoors may help out too.

The Linea nigra is the dark line running through the center of the tummy
The Linea nigra is the dark line running through the center of the tummy
Source: Shutterstock

Stretch marks: As the baby keeps growing, the growth stretches the overlying skin. It leads to stretch marks, especially in areas of heavy growth – like the belly, breasts and thighs. This is one of the most common skin changes in pregnancy and is more noticeable in the third trimester. Sometimess they itch. While it does not have a definite cure, most of them fade after birth. Some sources claim that using heavy moisturisers may be of help.

Developing stretch marks depends on genetics
Not all mums develop stretch marks
Image : Shutterstock

Varicose veins: As the baby keeps growing bigger, its increased weight causes a decrease in blood flow from your legs back to your heart. This causes pooling of blood in the legs and the appearance of varicose veins. Thankfully, they usually clear up after delivery. Some ways that you can reduce is by moderate exercise, propping your legs on a footstool and wearing a pressure stockings.

Acne/pimples: A less common complaint of pregnancy, pimples are a result of hormonal changes in the body. They can be treated by washing your face twice daily with mild soaps and lukewarm water. You should also avoid oil-based skin products and picking/popping of oil pores. Some products should however be avoided during pregnancy. These include:

  • Hormonal therapy
  • Oral tetracyclines, as it increases the risk of tooth discoloration in children.
  • Any product with isotretinoin, a form of Vitamin A as it can increase the risk of congenital anomalies in the child.

You may never experience any of these changes. If you notice any changes on your skin asides this, please consult your doctor as soon as possible.

References

ACOG; 23/06/2020; https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy

Amy O’Connor; 23/06/2020; https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/symptoms-and-solutions/skin-changes.aspx

How to achieve great skin during pregnancy
Skin care tips with Imaka skin stash

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What should you know about weight gain in pregnancy?

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Many factors play a role in determining the appropriate weight gain in pregnancy. Some of these factors include:

  • Pre-pregnancy weight
  • Body Mass Index. This can be calculated by dividing your weight (in Kg) with the square of your height (in metres). BMI = weight(kg)/Height2 (m)
  • Your state of health.
  • Your baby’s state of health.

However, please remember that you should carry your doctor along in whatever steps you plan on taking.

Where does the weight I gain in pregnancy go?

All the weight you gain does not just go to the baby. The whole distribution is as follows:

  • Baby: 3 to 3.6 kg
  • Breasts: 0.5 to 1.4 kg
  • Uterus: 0.9 kg
  • Placenta: 0.7 kg
  • Increased blood: 1.4to 1.8 kg
  • Increased body fluid: 0.9 to 1.4kg
  • Fat stores: 2.7 to 3.6 kg

What are the approved guidelines for weight gain in pregnancy?

Appropriate weight gain for single pregnancies is different from a mother with multiple pregnancies.

For mothers with a single-mother pregnancy

Pre-pregnancy weight                                          Recommended weight gain

Underweight (BMI<15)                                                  13 to 18 kg

Normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)                              11 to 16 kg

Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9)                                        7 to 11kg

Obesity (BMI>30)                                                             5 to 9 kg

Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council

All the weight you gain does not just go to the baby. It's distributed to your placenta, womb, breasts and more.
Weight gain for a mother with more than one baby is higher than a mother with one baby.

For mothers carrying twins or more

Pre-pregnancy weight                                      Recommended weight gain

Normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)                              17 to 25 kg

Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9)                                        14 to 23 kg

Obesity (BMI>30)                                                             11 to 19 kg

Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council

Being underweight before/during pregnancy increases the chance of your baby also being underweight. Being overweight before/during pregnancy increases the chance of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and a bigger-than-average baby (macrosomia). You might also need a Caesarian section to deliver the baby.

Finally,

As your pregnancy progresses, your doctor would closely monitoring the baby’s growth, your weight and may recommend measures as appropriate. If needed, please also consult a dietitian for the best combination of meals that would suit you and the baby.

Also, after the pregnancy, see a dietician to help you with the right strategies to lose your baby weight.

References

Colleen De Bellefonds; 26/06/2020; https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/weight-gain/

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10 Reasons Why You May Experience Periods While Pregnant

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Most women celebrate the news of a positive pregnancy test for many reasons, one of which is a much-needed break from monthly menstrual periods. During a menstrual period, the womb sheds off the extra lining it has built up in case of pregnancy.

Source: Shutterstock

Although a woman may experience uterine bleeding during pregnancy, it is not due to a period. It is not possible to have a true menstrual period during pregnancy due to the hormonal changes which prevent you from menstruating.

In addition, it is also impossible for your womb to shed its entire lining while maintaining a pregnancy. However, it is possible to have menstrual-like bleeding for a variety of reasons during pregnancy.

Some of these reasons include;

  • Implantation or Decidual Bleeding

Women who complain about having periods during pregnancy are simply experiencing Decidual Bleeding, in which a small part of the uterine lining might shed for the first few months of pregnancy.

Period like bleeding in early pregnancy can also be caused by a phenomenon called implantation bleeding, which is spotting that can occur in the first month of pregnancy. It usually occurs around the time of the first ‘missed’ menstrual period.

  • Changes in the cervix

The hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause alterations in the cervix, making it softer and more prone to bleeding. In addition, a harmless overgrowth of tissue may form in the cervix.

In both cases, spotting or light bleeding may be occur after sexual intercourse or a pelvic examination.

  • Vaginal Infection

A vaginal infection may cause spontaneous vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. The bleeding may be accompanied by an abnormal vaginal discharge

Vaginal Infections May Sometimes Occur During Pregnancy
Source: Shutterstock
  • Sexual intercourse

Most women continue to have sexual relations while pregnant, unless a doctor advises otherwise.

In some cases, certain women may experience light spotting or bleeding due to increased sensitivity of the vaginal and cervical tissues.

  • Molar pregnancy

Molar pregnancy is an abnormality of fertilization which causes an abnormal tissue to grow within the uterus.

This is not a typical pregnancy, but the growth within the uterus leads to the typical symptoms of early pregnancy.

A molar pregnancy cannot result in a normal fetus or delivery, however, vaginal spotting or bleeding can be a symptom of molar pregnancy.

hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with molar pregnancies.
Source: Shutterstock

Other Causes Are;

  • Ectopic pregnancy

Mild vaginal bleeding and increasing tummy pain may indicate the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. This condition arises when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

Sometimes, an ectopic pregnancy may be located in the uterine tube. As the pregnancy grows and the tube stretches, the tummy pain becomes increasingly severe. Sometimes these pregnancies rupture the uterine tube, leading to significant blood loss. Sometimes the amount of visible blood lost bellies the actual amount you are loosing in your tummy.

Early bleeding during pregnancy plus or minus abdominal pain may be an ectopic pregnanct
Source: Shutterstock
  • Subchorionic hemorrhage

In this condition, blood accumulates between the wall of the womb and the sac of fluid encasing your baby. Normally, the body frequently reabsorbs these blood clots, however, dark blood or small clots may be discharged from the vagina.

  • Cervical examination

A doctor may inspect your cervix to check for any abnormalities. This procedure can result in some minor bleeding during pregnancy.

  • Uterine rupture

This is a medical emergency that occurs when the womb tears during labour. This condition is likely to occur in women who have previously had a cesarean delivery or surgery on the womb.

  • Placental abruption

In this instance, the placenta starts to separate from the uterus (womb) before the baby is delivered. It is also a serious medical emergency and the baby’s life is at risk.

What’s The Next Step?

If you experience any form of bleeding during pregnancy, it is advisable to note the colour (is it bright red or brown ?), amount (how many pads did it soak up?) and consistency ( were there clups or bits of tissue in it?). This info is important when you speak with the doctor during antenatal clinics. It will give the doctor a clue as to the source and severity of the bleeding.

Bleeding during pregnancy does not mean that you are experiencing a menstrual period. In addition, heavy bleeding may indicate a health issue that requires medical attention. Whenever bleeding during pregnancy is observed, it should always be reported to a doctor in order to rule out miscarriage and other complications. Learn about bleeding after delivery.

References
  • Nall, R. (2018). Can you have a period while pregnant? Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322598
  • Danielsson, R. (2020). Potential Causes of Bleeding During Pregnancy. Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.verywellfamily.com/is-it-possible-to-have-a-period-during-pregnancy-2371251
  • Blocker, W. (2019). Bleeding During Pregnancy (First, Second, and Third Trimester). Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.medicinenet.com/pregnancy_bleeding_during_the_first_trimester/article.htm#what_should_you_know_about_bleeding_during_pregnancy
Watch the replay of our instagram live on recovery from caesarian sections

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Signs Of Pregnancy

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For women who are actively trying to get pregnant, one question on their minds is “How do I know I am pregnant?”. While a pregnancy test is the only surefire way of knowing you are pregnant, there may be some early signs pointingto the possibility of a pregnancy.

However, it is equally important to note:

  • The presence of these symptoms does not mean that there is a pregnancy, and
  • The absence of these symptoms does not mean that there is no pregnancy.

What are the signs of pregnancy?

Implantation bleeding/spotting: After fertilisation, the fertilized egg moves from the fallopian tube to the uterus. Implantation of the baby in the womb may cause slight bleeding (or commonly called spotting) and this occurs 10 to 12 days after fertilisation. Although this is commonly confused with menstrual bleeding, it is actually seen a few days after ovulation and before normal menstrual flow. It is also far smaller than the normal flow of blood.

Cramps: Due to the rapid change in hormone levels, some women may also notice cramps. These cramps are also mistaken for menstrual cramps but are usually not as intense. 

Vaginal discharge: Some women may also have thick milky white/clear discharge. You might also see changes in the cervical mucus as the pregnancy matures.

Tenderness of the breasts: Progesterone, “the pregnancy hormone”, rapidly rises after implantation. Thia hormone causes the bosy to start getting read fpr the baby. A major part is production of breast milk via an increase/maturation in breast lobules/size.

Nausea a.k.a morning sickness: According to Nollywood movies, this is the most distinct sign of pregnancy. While it is not so dramatic, early morning sickness is a pretty distinct sign of pregnancy. However, this mostly occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and by the time it is significant enough, you would have had a positive pregnancy test.

The pregnancy strip remains the gold standard. Source:netdoctor.co.uk

Finally….

In all, the surest way to know you are pregnant is through an urine or blood pregnancy test. As stated earlier, these are not sure-fire pointers to pregnancy. In combination, however, they paint a pretty good picture of your pregnancy status.

References

Mayo Clinic; 16/06/20; https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853

Healthline; 16/06/20; www.healthline.com%2Fhealth%2Fpregnancy%2Fearly-symptoms-timeline&usg=AOvVaw3Ru4HcE1SzzUhkyyX_07wz

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Postpartum Bleeding: 5 Things You Should Know

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Postpartum Bleeding: 5 Things You Should Know

It has been nine long months!

Your beautiful body has been through a lot of changes during this emotional period, all to climax at delivery. Noone could have warned you enough about intense labour pains you felt or prepared your emotions adequately for that cesarean section (C-section). Unlike what is portrayed in the movies, your body doesn’t automatically bounce back to normal after delivery. After all that hardwork, it would need some time to recover.

Recovery may take weeks to months after childbirth. You may experience some symptoms as your body attempts to return to its pre-pregnancy state.

One of these symptoms is Postpartum Bleeding, which is bleeding from the vagina after delivery.

If you’re a new mother experiencing this, or a new father wondering why your partner still bleeds and cramps even after your baby is here, this article is for you!

We’ve compiled a list of five things you need to know about postpartum bleeding.

Whether you had a vaginal or C-section delivery, some bleeding is expected after chilbirth
Some bleeding is expected after childbirth
Source: Shutterstock

What Is Postpartum Bleeding?

Vaginal birth and C-section moms experience some level of postpartum bleeding. The blood seen after childbirth is called lochia.

Lochia is actually not just blood, it also contains mucus, white blood cells and pieces of the womb’s lining, all mixed together in a bloody discharge. It looks very similar to your normal menstrual flow. Unlike period flow which typically lasts for 3-5 days, lochia may extend for up to six weeks after delivery.

What To Expect

In the first few days and weeks after delivery, your flow would look very similar to period blood; bright red but slightly heavier. It is also possible for you see pieces of tissue or what look like clots along with the blood.

As the days progress, the blood is expected to turn pink or brown in color. Also, the volume of discharge and size of the clots would begin to decrease. By the second week, the discharge will likely change to a white or yellow color. At this point, the bleeding may become inconsistent and your flow irregular.

After about three to six weeks, the bleeding is expected to stop.

If you delivered your baby through a caesarean section (C-section), your flow would be likely less than what occurs in a vaginal delivery. Regardless, you would probably still see some blood.

There Will Be Some Cramping !

Another thing to expect during your recovery period is postpartum cramping, also known as Afterpains. This usually accompanies postpartum bleeding and eases as the bleeding decreases. Postpartum cramping occurs because your uterus is trying to contract and shrink back to its normal size; thus causing lower abdominal pain that often feels like menstrual cramps.

These pains are most intense during the first two to three days after giving birth; when post partum bleeding is the heaviest, even though it might take about six weeks for your urerus to return back to its pre-pregnancy state.

Source: Canva

For mothers who are breastfeeding, these pains would likely be more intense. When your baby suckles, a hormone called oxytocin is released.

Oxytocin causes your womb to contract. This intensifies the cramps. The cramping is more intense for first-time moms because your uterus has more muscle tone than a woman who has given birth more than once.

How Can You Manage The Bleeding?

At first, regular pads and tampons may not suffice as your flow would probably be heavier than your normal monthly menstrual period. Therefore, you may need to wear a hospital maternity pad to contain the bleeding.

Mums initially need thicker than usual highly absorbent pads after childbirth
Regular pads don’t often do the trick.
Source: Canva

As the weeks pass, and your bleeding slows, you can transition to a regular menstrual pad.

Once the bleeding is light enough, or you are only seeing slight discharge, you can switch to a panty liner.

Experts recommend that tampons and menstrual cups should be avoided during this period so that your vagina can properly heal. Also, take caution to change your pads regularly to prevent infection.

For mothers who experience afterpains, applying a warm heating pad or hot water bottle could bring some much needed relief. Pain relievers like an Ibuprofen or Paracetamol could also be taken with approval of a doctor.

When Should You See Your Doctor?

While it is completely normal to expect bleeding after delivery, care should be taken not to confuse postpartum bleeding with postpartum hemorrhage (excessive bleeding), which could be deadly.

Here are some warning signs that you need to contact your doctor immediately;

  • If your maternity pads constantly get soaked within an hour
  • You notice bright red bleeding that doesn’t lessen after a few days
  • Foul smelling discharge
  • A fever of 38°C or higher
  • Dizziness or faint feelings
  • Irregular and racing heartbeats
  • Large and numerous blood clots (about the size of a tomato)
Large blood clots on your menstrual pad is a bad sign
If you see blood clots the size of a tomato on your pad, contact your doctor immediately
Image: sutterstock

Regardless of how much information you may gather beforehand, having a baby is a major transition phase in your life. You may never be fully prepared for the changes your body and mind would undergo throughout the whole process.

This is entirely normal and you would need sufficient time to adjust. However, if you feel uncomfortable about anything, physically, emotionally or mentally, please reach out to your doctor or another health professional for advice.

We are here to help you.

References
  • Nic Hopkirk 2020, Lochia: Everything You Need to Know About Bleeding After Birth, Goodtoknow, Viewed on 28 May, 2020, <https://www.goodtoknow.co.uk/family/pregnancy/lochia-everything-you-need-to-know-about-bleeding-after-birth-432111>
  • Rebel Wylie 2019, Postpartum Period: What You Need To Know About Bleeding After Birth, BountyParents, Viewed on 28 May, 2020, <https://www.bountyparents.com.au/expert-advice/postpartum-bleeding-period-after-birth/>.
  • Stephanie Watson 2018, Is Postpartum Bleeding Normal, Parenthood, Viewed on 28 May, 2020, <https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/is-postpartum-bleeding-normal>

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Morning Sickness

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Ever since the pregnancy strip test confirmed I was pregnant with Bayo’s baby, my sense of smell sharpened drastically and the vomiting started. Even Amala and Ewedu, my favorite dish, now nauseates me. In addition, I noticed I was producing much more saliva than usual, causing me to spit out often.
As expected my darling husband, Bayo, became so worried considering the fact that this is our first pregnancy. Four days ago, when he noticed I wasnt getting any better, he insisted that we go see a doctor. After carefully observing me and asking a few questions, the doctor smiled warmly and advised us to stay calm. He further explained that all I have been going through for weeks is ‘early morning sickness’.
Are you just like me? Do you also want to find out what causes early morning sickness and how it can be managed through your diet?
Well, Here We Go!

Early morning sickness is caused as a result of increased production of a certain hormone called progesterone during pregnancy. Progesterone causes the relaxation of the stomach muscles and also slows down digestion. Although it is called early morning sickness, this is actually a misnomer because, the symptoms of this conditions can be felt at any time and last all through the day.
An extreme form of Early Morning Sickness is known as Hyperemesis Gravidarum, that is, severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

What foods do mums with morning sickness find particularly helpful?

Bananas

Bananas are rich in pottasium which is an essential nutrient during pregnancy. Eating a banana after vomiting helps you replace lost electrolytes. In addition, Bananas serve as a rich source of Vit B6 which is known to reduce the impact of nausea or morning sickness.

Yoghurt; This nourishing drink is rich in both calcium and potassium. This refreshing drink also helps you replace lost electrolytes after vomiting. In addition, yoghurt provides a wide range of good nutrients like VitB and Potassium to you and you developing baby.

This nourishing drink is rich in both calcium and potassium. This refreshing drink also helps you replace lost electrolytes after vomiting
Yoghurt is rich in potasium and healthy gut bacteria

Potato Chips; As part of a healthy diet, potato chips can help soothe the feelings of early morning sickness. Furthermore, they contain Folic Acid which is beneficial for your unborn child. Eating potato chips regularly would also stimulate your thirst centre, leading you to drink more water and stay hydrated all day.

Chips can be grilled as a healthy option. Sweat potatos fries are rich in fibre,vitamin c and potassium
Images: shutterstock

Salt; Moderate salt intake, either through Salty Crackers or simply adding a small quantity to a glass of water, can help quell the nausea in some cases. Salt also increases your thirst for water, thereby, reducing the risk of dehydration.

Mints (TomTom, Orbit, ButterMint, BabaBlue); Common sweets or gums that contain a reasonable amount of menthol would help you abate the irritating feel of nausea. Pop one or two of these affordable confectionaries in your purse and try them whenever a wave of nausea comes .

Pepperfruit (nkarika, mmimi, igberi, obi ata); This local fruit contains essential vitamins which provide you with the required energy needed to move through your day regardless of any symptom of Early Morning Sickness that you may be experiencing.

African purple pear (ube , safou); Vitamin C is known to be very efficient in managing nausea and morning sickness. The African purple pear is an excellent source of Vitamin C. In addition, eating this fruit helps improve your digestion during pregnancy.

African purple pear (ube , safou) has been known to help with nausea
African purple pear (ube , safou) has been known to help with nausea
Image source shutter stock

Pepper; This a common constituent of most Nigerian dishes, however in addition to the spicy goodness it brings to your meals, pepper also plays a vital role in improving your digestion and providing relief from the common symptoms of early morning sickness.

Oranges; Oranges would not only keep you hydrated and healthy all day, but also supply you with sufficient doses of Vitamin C. The sweet and tangy flavor of oranges can provide you with some much needed respite from the inconvenience of morning sickness.

Oranges and Lemons are natural remedies for nausea in pregnancy
Oranges and Lemons are natural remedies for nausea in pregnancy

Lemon; This serves as an effective natural remedy for nausea. After breakfast, or during the day, you can stay hydrated by drinking water laced with a moderate amount of organic lemon. Taking as much lemon as possible helps deal with the nausea associated with early morning sickness in most women. In addition, lemon contains Citric Acid which improves digestion.

Ginger; Ginger aids digestion, improves saliva flow and also reduce the occurrence of nausea in most pregnant women. It is therefore advisable to drink about 3 to 4 cups of Ginger Tea daily during the early stages of your pregnancy. Ginger can also be blended with your pepper and tomatoes while making that delicious stew for you and your family.

Ginger can be taken fresh or in drinks such as tea and ginger ale to hep with morning sickness
Ginger can be taken fresh or in drinks such as tea and ginger ale to hep with morning sickness
Image source: Shutterstock

Gummy Bears; These are usually small fruit gum candies which contain sugar, starch and citric acid. Although the recipes for each flavour vary, the citric acid component present in gummy bears would provide some respite from nausea and irritation.

These are usually small fruit gum candies which contain sugar, starch and citric acid. Although the recipes for each flavour vary, the citric acid component present in gummy bears would provide some respite from nausea and irritation.
Gummy bears

Dry Crackers; Foods high in starch absorbs gastric acid and helps settle a queasy stomach. Eating a cracker or two before you get out of bed may help ease nausea in the morning.

Dry crackers absorb stomach acid. Eating them can help settle a quesy tummy.
Dry crackers absorb stomach acid. Eating them can help settle a quesy tummy.

This stage of pregnancy may present with other symptoms apart from vomiting and nausea. You may also experience excessive thirst and fatigue. The good news is that all the dietary components above contain essential nutrients and vitamins you need to stay healthy and active as you await the arrival of your little one.

A visual guide todealing with morning sickness
References

Yost, P. ( 2019). Explaining the Cruel Injustice of Morning Sickness. Assessed on 24th May, 2020 from https://health.clevelandclinic.org/explaining-the-cruel-injustice-of-morning-sickness/

Excessive Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy

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Bukola was 6 weeks pregnant and worked at the Lekki branch of a retail bank. This was her first pregnancy. She covered the customer service desk. The bouts of reching nausea and vomiting often disrupted her day. She couldn’t keep her meals down. She was often tired, dizzy, her mouth dry and her heart would pound in her chest.

On more than one occasion on her way to work she would have to get off at the Lekki Admiralty Bustop to throw up before getting to the office. It got so bad sometimes she would faint at work and would have to be rushed to the hospital. This was followed by several days on admission and time off work.

Imagine suffering from nausea and vomitting in pregnancy every day and having to brave Lagos traffic!
Lekki Admiralty Bustop, Lagos

Bukola was experiencing was a rare condition known as “Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG).

“Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy” that leads to dehydration, disruptions in metabolic and electrolyte imbalances as well as weights-loss.

Ogunyemi, Fong, Isaacs et al. Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Emedicine Medscape. 2017 Jan. Emedicine

What causes it?


The exact cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is unknown. Interestingly, several theories suggest that the following may be at play:

  • The effect of a combination of genes in a mothers DNA
  • Hormonal changes in pregnancy
  • The liver and gut not functioning as they should.
  • Changes in a mother’s of smell during pregnancy
  • A stomach infection with a bacteria called H. Pylori .
Excessive vomittingin pregnancy can take it's toll
Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Who then is at risk?

  • If you are a first time mum,
  • have ever had hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) in your previous pregnancies,
  • are pregnant with more than one baby ( a set of twins, triplets etc)
  • or you have a tumour in the womb associated with pregnancy (trophoblastic disease) you are predisposed to having this hyperemesis gravidarum

For some mums the nausea and vomiting resolves after first trimester. On the other hand, some mums go on to struggle and are often in and out of hospital till they finally give birth to their babies.

It’s crucial that you visit the hospital in the following situations:

  • if ever the bouts of vomiting don’t stop and you can’t hold even sips of fluid down,
  • you feel constantly dizzy, disoriented and unable to focus
  • and your heart is pounding (i.eyou become aware of your heartbeart)

Eventually, you may need to be admitted. Subsequently you may be given fluids and medication correct the imbalances caused and to stop the excessive vomiting.

Whatever the cause of your hyperemesis gravidarum, it’s bound to take its toll.

The implications…..

financial ( health bills) , physical ( weakness, weight-loss, poor appetite) and logistical (work interruptions, having to make arrangements to get to and fro or stay in hospital); can leave a mum frustrated or feeling bad about herself.
Know this…. no matter how many times you have to be admitted for care , or stay home from work, having HG does not mean you are lazy or weak as a mum… it happens to the best of us.

  • Miscarriage or pregnancy loss
    Having to go in and out of hospital can take its toll on you

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