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All you need to know about Gestational Diabetes

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A medical condition affecting about a hundred thousand women yearly, gestational diabetes (GDM) is a condition that does not receive the attention it deserves. In this article, we would walk through what gestational diabetes is, risk factors for GDM, symptoms, how it is diagnosed, complications and how to prevent it.

What is GDM?

First, a quick background. Insulin is a hormone produces by the body in the pancreas. It helps regulate energy levels by helping convert blood sugar into energy. GDM occurs when hormones produced in pregnancy (e.g. progesterone, human placenta lactogen, cortisol) affect the normal functioning of insulin, leading to increased level of blood sugar (or hyperglycemia) in pregnant women.

GDM is usually only seen during pregnancy and usually clears up after the baby is born. It usually arises between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy.

What are the risk factors for developing GDM?

All women are at risk of developing GDM. However, some factors may put you at increased risk. These include:

  • Being of Black, Asian or Middle eastern background.
  • Having a Body Mass Index of >30 [This can be calculated by Weight(kg)/Height2(m2)]
  • Having a previous baby with a birth weight greater than 4 kg
  • A family relative diagnosed with diabetes
  • A previous pregnancy with GDM.
Being black and overweight are risk factors for GDM.
Source: web.musc.edu

What are the symptoms of GDM?

Most women with GDM would not present with any symptoms. However, some women may have:

  • Sugar in urine. This would be diagnosed by a test done by the nuses at the clini.
  • Frequent urination but in large quantities.
  • Increased thirst
  • Tiredness
  • A dry mouth
Being black and overweight puts you at risk of gestational diabetes
Being black and overweight puts you at risk of gestational diabetes

How is it diagnosed?

During your routine antenatal visits, the doctor would assess your risk of having GDM. He would ask you questions about your medical background run a couple of tests around 24 weeks to ascertain your blood sugar levels.The oral glucose tolerance test. The routine urine test during your antenatal visit is also a way of screening for GDM.

What are the possible complications?

While most women with GDM have normal pregnancies, some women may have some of the following complications.

  • Accumulation of excess amounts of the fluid (amniotic fluid) around the baby. This is a potential cause of premature labour.
  • GDM can lead to heart abnormalities in the baby.
  • There is a risk of infertility,pregnancy loss or still birth
  • Premature labour (these are contractions coming in before you are 36-37 weeks)
  • Large babies: The Birth Weight of the baby may be greater than 4 kg
  • Large babies run the risk of injuries during birth
  • If not properly managed, GDM can evolve into Type II Diabetes.
  • It can also reoccur in future pregnancies.

Is there any way to treat it?

The main ways include monitoring and control of your blood sugar level and eating a special diet as prescribed by a dietician. You also need to loose weight if you are obese. Medication may be offerred if these fail to control your blood sugar.

Diabetes can be managed with exercise and healthy eating
Diabetes can be managed with exercise and healthy eating

Can GDM be prevented?

If you are planning on getting pregnant and you have any of the risk factors above, it is also very important to watch your weight and plan your pregnancies with your doctor.

References

American Diabetes Association; 24/06/2020; https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/gestational-diabetes

Thomas R. Moore; 24/06/2020; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127547-overview

Loosing weight after childbrth require commitment

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Preeclampsia

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Melinda was a beautiful, 37 year-old woman who was pregnant with her second baby. After divorcing her first partner, she decided to try IVF with her new partner as she was getting older. Unfortunately, she died in childbirth as a complication of a medical condition called preeclampsia.

So what is preeclampsia, you may ask?

Preeclampsia is a condition seen in pregnant women and it shows the following characteristics:

  • High blood pressure
  • Presence of proteins in the urine
  • Swelling of the legs and hand due to accumulation of fluid in the body.
High blood pressure is one of the symptoms of pre eclampsia
High blood pressure is one of the symptoms of pre eclampsia

Preeclampsia is usually seen at after the 20th week of pregnancy, although it can occur before that.

Some women may also complain of other symptoms like severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, a dramatic weight gain due to increase in body fluid, belly pain and dizziness.

Signs of pre-eclampsia

What are the causes of preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia develops only as a complication of pregnancy. Some stdies attribute it to issues with the way the placenta implants to the mother’s womb.There has been no certified reason. However, risk factors include:

Age. If you are quite young (less than 18 years) or older than 35, you have a higher chance of getting it.

Obesity. The risk of preeclampsia is higher if you’re overweight or obese.

Multiple pregnancy. Women carrying more than one baby (twins or more) are at a higher risk of developing preeclampsia.

Interval between pregnancies. If you have less than two years’ interval between your children, or there are are more than 10 years between them, you might be at higher risk.

History of certain conditions. Women with a previous history of diabetes, chronic hypertension are also at higher risk.

New paternity. Like Melinda, each pregnancy with a new partner increases the risk.

First pregnancy. The risk is highest during your first pregnancy.

Race. Black women have been shown to be at higher risk of developing preeclampsia.

History of preeclampsia. If anyone in your family has had pre-eclempsia, there is a chance it might occur again.

Complications

Some complications of preeclampsia include:

  • Fetal growth restriction. Preeclampsia may affect the arteries carrying blood to the placenta. This would lead to a reduction in nutrients reaching the baby and thus, stunted growth of the baby.
  • Preterm birth. Severe preeclampsia is a medical emergency and can lead to preterm. Prematurity can lead to breathing and other problems for your baby.
  • Eclampsia. In severe cases, the woman might progress to eclampsia, which is characterised by seizures
  • Organ damage. Preeclampsia may result in damage to organs like the kidneys, liver, lung, heart, or eyes. It can also cause a stroke or other brain injury. The extent of the damage depends on how severe the preeclampsia.

The earlier it occurs in pregnancy, the greater the risks for mother and child.

Prevention

There is no clear-cut way that has been proven to treat this condition. However, some studies have reported an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of preeclampsia. Before you become pregnant, it is quite important to be in your best state of health. Also, using your Body Mass Index (BMI), try to attain your optimal weight  and make sure other conditions, such as diabetes, are well-managed. Last but not the least, please visit your antenatal clinic as regularly as possible. Learn what happens on a typical day at the clinic here

References

Kee-Hak Lim; 15/06/2020; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1476919-overview

WebMD; 15/06/2020; https://www.webmd.com/baby/preeclampsia-eclampsia#1

Losing Baby Weight; Strategies That Are Guaranteed To Work

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Nkem stared long and hard at herself in the mirror; and she didn’t like what she saw.

It had been two weeks since she delivered her baby. She expected that by now, she’d have shed most of the weight gained during pregnancy.

Getting on a scale can be scarey
Getting on a scale can be scarey

After all, she had seen celebrities do it.

Sadly, her current body was far from its pre-pregnancy state. She now had fat in her tummy, arranged in rolls that weren’t there before. Her clothes still did not fit and putting on jeans has become a deep struggle.

Baby Fat
Source: Shutterstock

Although she loved her baby and enjoyed the entire pregnancy process, Nkem was not pleased with the weight gain and had hoped to shed it as soon as possible.

Unfortunately, this was proving very difficult.         

Just like Nkem, many women struggle with shedding excess weight after child birth. Most give up along the way, thinking it is an impossible feat.

If you’re in these shoes, you don’t need to worry.

Losing baby weight is achievable and we are here to help you with the right way to go about it.          

 What Is Baby Weight?  

Weight gain during pregnancy is normal.

Your body stores extra fat in preparation for childbirth and breastfeeding. Storing too much causes excess weight gain, called “baby weight”.

Here’s How To Lose Baby Weight;

 A combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise is the best way.

Regular Diet and Exercise is essential for healthy living
Source: Shutterstock

The extent of weight loss achievable varies from woman to woman. The amount of weight gained during pregnancy also plays a role.

However, regardless of your body type, we have compiled some tips to help you lose the extra pounds, especially around your tummy!

  • Calorie Counting

Counting calories is a great way to lose weight. Experts recommend that your calorie budget should be designed so that you lose no more than 1 pound ( approximately 1/2kg) per week.

This can be achieved by subtracting 500 calories from your daily calorie requirement, creating a weekly deficit of 3,500 calories. This equates to 1pound.

As a nursing mother, you do not need to subtract from your daily requirement. Producing breast milk requires about 450-500 extra calories. Therefore, taking the same number calories as you did before getting pregnant would still help you lose weight.

  • Food Logging

A food log is a diary where you record down everything you eat. It is an efficient way to keep track of calories. You can do this with a physical diary where you write down everything you eat.

Calorie counting apps can also be used to keep track of your calorie intake. Some of these apps give you the caloric content of foods.

This helps you know the right portions to eat for your budget.

Planning is essential on your weight loss journey
Planning is crucial!
Source: Canva

A Healthy Diet Is Key

A healthy diet does not translate to boring food, neither does it mean eating fruits and vegetables only.

Your aim is a well-balanced diet that provides the right nutrients in the right quantity, at the same time, helping you lose general body weight and tummy fat.

Some modifications you could make to your diet include;

  1. Cutting back on carbs (White bread, pasta and chips)
  2. Including more protein (Lean beef, Seafood, Eggs and Beans)
  3. Eating more vegetables (Tomatoes, Bitter leaves, Water leaves, Cabbage, Cucumbers and Carrots)
  4. Consuming only healthy fats (Olive, Coconut and Avocado oils)
  5. Eating high-fibre foods (Oats, Abacha ( african salad), Avocados and Whole-wheat bread)
  6. Taking more fruits (Apples, Berries and Oranges)
  • Avoid Junk Food

Junk food is not your friend when trying to lose to baby weight, especially around your tummy.

It does very little for your body.

Sugary drinks, alcohol and foods containing refined sugars are high in calories and low in nutrients. In addition, processed, fried and salty foods like chips, cookies and baked goods do not help you.

Junk food contains high level carbohydrates and calories
Avoid food with high level calories
source: Shutterstock

Try replacing them with fresh, whole foods and watch your the inches disappear from your waist!

Other means include;

  • Get More Sleep

Lack of sleep may affect your weight loss negatively. The recommended amount is 8hours a day. Although it may prove difficult with your newborn, try to get as much sleep as you can.

  • Exercise

Exercise is a great way to burn extra calories. Go easy if you are a new mum, you can even try taking a walk with your baby. Yoga is also a good way to help you relax; some poses like the camel pose could help reduce tummy fat.

Pelvic exercises like kegel exercises are also encouraged. You could also include cardio exercises e.g jogging, running, and cycling as time passes.

  • Ask For Help

Your partner, family and friends are there for you. They could help prepare healthy meals or take care of your baby. This allows you rest, catch up on some lost sleep and exercise.

Also, if you need professional help, your doctor, family nurse, or a psychologist could offer support.

What You Should Avoid

  • Starvation

Depriving yourself of food is going to harm you and your baby. Food is not your enemy, your body needs it to stay alive.

Losing excess baby weight is necessary, but starvation is not the way to go about it. Sticking to a healthy diet and exercise plan is a better approach guaranteed to get you desired results.

  • Crash Dieting

The best weight loss plans are the long-term ones. While crash dieting may give you fast results, these are only temporary.

You would most likely end up gaining all the weight you lost, or even more! Same thing goes for skipping meals.

Comparison Is Wrong

Do not compare yourself to other mothers.

Everybody’s weight loss journey is different, some may take longer than others. Therefore, you should focus on yourself and your baby. You would lose the weight in due time.

Losing Baby Weight And Breast Feeding

Producing breast milk uses up calories. When these calories are gotten from the fat stored in your body, you lose baby weight faster. Additionally, regular suckling by your baby leads to the production of oxytocin. 

This hormone causes uterine contraction and helps it shrink back to its pre-pregnancy state. This would in turn reduce your tummy size.

It is crucial that you do not lose too much weight too fast. This would not be good for you and your baby. The quantity and quality of your breast milk could suffer. Aim to lose weight gradually. This would give you enough energy and keep your milk supply high.

In Summary

Achieving a healthy weight after pregnancy is important, but it should be done the right way. Being realistic would help you avoid unnecessary stress and anxiety.

Furthermore, keep in mind that despite what many women’s magazines and celebrity stories portray, weight loss after childbirth is not automatic. It would take time, and you may not go back to your pre-baby weight straight away.

Although the amount of weight you lose after giving birth may vary, it is important that you return to a healthy weight range.

The best way to achieve this is through a healthy diet and exercise.

References
  • Anisha Nair 2018, Yoga after Delivery-Getting Back into Shape After Childbirth, Firstcry Parenting, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/yoga-after-delivery-getting-back-into-shape-after-childbirth>.
  • Donna Murray 2020, Breastfeeding and Losing Too Much Weight, Verywell Family, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.verywellfamily.com/breastfeeding-and-losing-too-much-weight-431877>.
  • Elise Mandl 2017, 16 Effective Tips to Lose Baby Weight After Pregnancy, Healthline, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/weight-loss-after-pregnancy>.
  • Kris Gunnars 2019, 50 Foods That Are Super Healthy, Healthline, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/50-super-healthy-foods>.
  • Maria Masters 2019, Losing The Baby Weight: The Truth About Shedding Pounds After Birth, What To Expect, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/losing-baby-weight>.
  • Nicci Micco 2020, Lose That Baby Fat, Parents, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.parents.com/parenting/moms/healthy-mom/lose-that-baby-fat/>.
  • Sarah G. Miller 2016, The Best Ways to Lose Weight After Pregnancy, Live Science, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.livescience.com/53768-how-to-lose-weight-after-pregnancy.html>.
  • Shutterstock Images
How do I loose weight after childbirth?

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What Skin Changes Could I Expect During Pregnancy?

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Pregnancy brings a lot of changes to the female body.  And while a lot more goes on internally, the more obvious changes occur on the skin. These changes may be a source of anxiety for some women as their skin undergoes what some would call drastic changes. Together, we would go through some of the changes we might see on the skin during pregnancy.

What are some changes we might see on the skin during pregnancy?

Hyperpigmentation and linea nigra: The line nigra is a dark line that runs in the middleof the tummy. It starts from just below the breast to the pubic hair. It is a part of the hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) which occurs due to hormonal changes. This darkening is more noticeable on inner thighs, genitals,the ski around the base of the nipple (areola) and neck. It usually clears up after childbirth. However, some dark spots do not go away. Wearing sunscreen and hats when you are outdoors may help out too.

The Linea nigra is the dark line running through the center of the tummy
The Linea nigra is the dark line running through the center of the tummy
Source: Shutterstock

Stretch marks: As the baby keeps growing, the growth stretches the overlying skin. It leads to stretch marks, especially in areas of heavy growth – like the belly, breasts and thighs. This is one of the most common skin changes in pregnancy and is more noticeable in the third trimester. Sometimess they itch. While it does not have a definite cure, most of them fade after birth. Some sources claim that using heavy moisturisers may be of help.

Developing stretch marks depends on genetics
Not all mums develop stretch marks
Image : Shutterstock

Varicose veins: As the baby keeps growing bigger, its increased weight causes a decrease in blood flow from your legs back to your heart. This causes pooling of blood in the legs and the appearance of varicose veins. Thankfully, they usually clear up after delivery. Some ways that you can reduce is by moderate exercise, propping your legs on a footstool and wearing a pressure stockings.

Acne/pimples: A less common complaint of pregnancy, pimples are a result of hormonal changes in the body. They can be treated by washing your face twice daily with mild soaps and lukewarm water. You should also avoid oil-based skin products and picking/popping of oil pores. Some products should however be avoided during pregnancy. These include:

  • Hormonal therapy
  • Oral tetracyclines, as it increases the risk of tooth discoloration in children.
  • Any product with isotretinoin, a form of Vitamin A as it can increase the risk of congenital anomalies in the child.

You may never experience any of these changes. If you notice any changes on your skin asides this, please consult your doctor as soon as possible.

References

ACOG; 23/06/2020; https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy

Amy O’Connor; 23/06/2020; https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/symptoms-and-solutions/skin-changes.aspx

How to achieve great skin during pregnancy
Skin care tips with Imaka skin stash

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What should you know about weight gain in pregnancy?

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Many factors play a role in determining the appropriate weight gain in pregnancy. Some of these factors include:

  • Pre-pregnancy weight
  • Body Mass Index. This can be calculated by dividing your weight (in Kg) with the square of your height (in metres). BMI = weight(kg)/(Height)2 (m)
  • Your state of health.
  • Your baby’s state of health.

However, please remember that your doctor should be carried along in whatever steps you plan on taking.

Where does the weight I gain in pregnancy go?

All the weight you gain does not just go to the baby. The whole distribution is as follows:

  • Baby: 3 to 3.6 kg
  • Breasts: 0.5 to 1.4 kg
  • Uterus: 0.9 kg
  • Placenta: 0.7 kg
  • Increased blood: 1.4to 1.8 kg
  • Increased body fluid: 0.9 to 1.4kg
  • Fat stores: 2.7 to 3.6 kg

What are the approved guidelines for weight gain in pregnancy?

Appropriate weight gain for single pregnancies is different from a mother with multiple pregnancies.

For mothers with a single-mother pregnancy

Pre-pregnancy weight                                          Recommended weight gain

Underweight (BMI<15)                                                  13 to 18 kg

Normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)                              11 to 16 kg

Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9)                                        7 to 11kg

Obesity (BMI>30)                                                             5 to 9 kg

Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council

All the weight you gain does not just go to the baby. It's distributed to your placenta, womb, breasts and more.
Weight gain for a mother with more than one baby is higher than a mother with one baby.

For mothers carrying twins or more

Pre-pregnancy weight                                      Recommended weight gain

Normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)                              17 to 25 kg

Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9)                                        14 to 23 kg

Obesity (BMI>30)                                                             11 to 19 kg

Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council

Being underweight before/during pregnancy increases the chance of your baby also being underweight. Being overweight before/during pregnancy increases the chance of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and a bigger-than-average baby(macrosomia). You might also need a Caesarian section to deliver the baby.

Finally,

As your pregnancy progresses, your doctor would closely monitoring the baby’s growth, your weight and may recommend measures as appropriate. If needed, please also consult a dietitian for the best combination of meals that would suit you and the baby.

References

Colleen De Bellefonds; 26/06/2020; https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/weight-gain/

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10 Reasons Why You May Experience Periods While Pregnant

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Most women celebrate the news of a positive pregnancy test for many reasons, one of which is a much needed break from monthly menstrual periods. During a menstrual period, the uterus sheds off the extra lining it has built up in case of pregnancy.

Source: Shutterstock

Although a woman may experience uterine bleeding during pregnancy, it is not due to a period. It is not possible to have a true menstrual period during pregnancy due to the hormonal changes which prevent you from menstruating.

In addition, it is also impossible for your womb to shed its entire lining while maintaining a pregnancy. However, it is possible to have menstrual-like bleeding for a variety of reasons during pregnancy.

Some of these reasons include;

  • Implantation or Decidual Bleeding

Women who complain about having periods during pregnancy are simply experiencing Decidual Bleeding, in which a small part of the uterine lining might shed for the first few months of pregnancy.

Period–like bleeding in early pregnancy can also be caused by a phenomenon called implantation bleeding, which is spotting that can occur in the first month of pregnancy. It usually occurs around the time of the first ‘missed’ menstrual period.

  • Changes in the cervix

The hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause alterations in the cervix, making it softer and more prone to bleeding. In addition, a harmless overgrowth of tissue may form in the cervix.

In both cases, spotting or light bleeding may be occur after sexual intercourse or a pelvic examination.

  • Vaginal Infection

A vaginal infection may cause spontaneous vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. The bleeding may be accompanied by an abnormal vaginal discharge

Vaginal Infections May Sometimes Occur During Pregnancy
Source: Shutterstock
  • Sexual intercourse

Most women continue to have sexual relations while pregnant, unless a doctor advises otherwise.

In some cases, certain women may experience light spotting or bleeding due to increased sensitivity of the vaginal and cervical tissues.

  • Molar pregnancy

Molar pregnancy is an abnormality of fertilization which causes an abnormal tissue to grow within the uterus.

This is not a typical pregnancy, but the growth within the uterus leads to the typical symptoms of early pregnancy.

A molar pregnancy cannot result in a normal fetus or delivery, however, vaginal spotting or bleeding can be a symptom of molar pregnancy.

hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with molar pregnancies occurs in
Source: Shutterstock

Other Causes Are;

  • Ectopic pregnancy

Mild vaginal bleeding and increasing tummy pain may indicate the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. This condition arises when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

Sometimes, an ectopic pregnancy may be located in the uterine tube. As the pregnancy grows and the tube stretches, the tummy pain becomes increasingly severe. Sometimes these pregnancies rupture the uterine tube, leading to significant blood loss.

Some bleeding after childbirth is expected
Source: Shutterstock
  • Subchorionic hemorrhage

In this condition, blood accumulates between the uterus and the gestational sac. Normally, the body frequently reabsorbs these blood clots, however, dark blood or small clots may be discharged from the vagina.

  • Cervical examination

A doctor may inspect the cervix to check for any abnormalities. This procedure can result in some minor bleeding during pregnancy.

  • Uterine rupture

This is a medical emergency that occurs when the uterus tears during labor. This condition is likely to occur in women with history of a cesarean delivery or surgery on the uterus

  • Placental abruption

In this instance, the placenta starts to separate from the uterus (womb) before the baby is delivered. It is also a serious medical emergency

What’s The Next Step?

If you experience any form of bleeding during pregnancy, it is advisable to note the color, amount and consistency. This info is important when you speak with the doctor during antenatal clinics.

Bleeding during pregnancy does not mean that you are experiencing a menstrual period. In addition, heavy bleeding may indicate a health issue that requires medical attention. Whenever bleeding during pregnancy is observed, it should always be reported to a doctor in order to rule out miscarriage and other complications. 

References
  • Nall, R. (2018). Can you have a period while pregnant? Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322598
  • Danielsson, R. (2020). Potential Causes of Bleeding During Pregnancy. Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.verywellfamily.com/is-it-possible-to-have-a-period-during-pregnancy-2371251
  • Blocker, W. (2019). Bleeding During Pregnancy (First, Second, and Third Trimester). Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.medicinenet.com/pregnancy_bleeding_during_the_first_trimester/article.htm#what_should_you_know_about_bleeding_during_pregnancy

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How Will My Antenatal Visit Go?

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Antenatal care is the attention nothers receive during pregnancy . It ensures you and your baby are in the best state of health. Over the period of pregnancy, the doctor follows up on you and your baby’s health to ensure your pregnancy goes as smoothly as possible.

Attending your antenatal appointments are quite important. Any potential risks to the baby can be identified and prevented, or reduced.

Antenatal clinics serve as good avenues to learn more about the baby’s growth per trimester. This is a chance for the doctors and midwives to educate you on any important changes in lifestyle you may need to make. Some hospitals have classes just before the clinics begin. Others have these on special days. Here, you will get information that will prepare you for childbirth, care of your baby such as bathing , diapering , breastfeeding.

What happens during the antenatal clinic?

Your doctor would obtain a account of your medical history and lifestyle from you so as to determine any risks you may have

The antenatal care you get throughout your pregnancy depends on:

  • your health and any risks you or your baby may have
  • the stage of pregnancy you are at, and
  • any problems you may be experiencing

The doctors would ask some questions like:

  • when you had your last period, tell you when the baby is due, what trimester you are in and what this means for you and your baby
  • finding out about your medical history, general health and how any previous pregnancies were
  • the ethnic origins of you and your partner to find out whether your baby may be at risk of certain genetic inherited conditions
  • what medication you may be taking
  • ensuring you’ve had a recent pap smear(to assess risk of cervical cancer)
  • making sure your mental health is OK, and supporting you if you have depression or anxiety
  • checking your blood pressure and weight and testing your urine
  • providing advice on a healthy diet
  • feeling and measuring your tummy to find out how may babies you are carrying
  • estimate baby’s position and size, and listening to the baby’s heartbeat
  • advise you on care for your baby after pregnancy

How many antenatal visits will I have?

The frequency of your antenatal visits are determined by the doctor’s assessments. Pregnancies with possible complications would come with more antenatal visits and vice versa.

In most hospitals in Nigeria, you are scheduled to have one visit per month till the pregnancy is about 22 weeks. Then one visit every two weeks till about 32 weeks and once a week till birth.

What assessments would I undergo?

Ultrasound scans are done to monitor baby's growth and ensure all is well with the mothers womb and placenta
Image : shutterstock

You would have ultrasound pregnancy tests done between 8 to 14 weeks to check for any abnormalities in baby’s organs. These are repeated based on need . Also, you would have blood tests to check for your blood group and genotype, HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis and other infections that can affect your pregnancy or be passed on to your baby. Every visit, your doctor would also examine your pregnancy to check the baby’s heartbeats and movements.

Antenatal visits can seem very stressful and time-consuming. However, it is still in the best interest for you and your baby. To get the best out of your visit, be sure to write down before hand questions or concerns you have. Always ask questions and make notes of the reponses you are given.

These visits are more or less an opportunity to profile the risk level of your pregnancy and identify early and deal with any potential health issues that can threaten your well being or that of your baby. They have been proven to improve the chances of survival and thriving for mum and baby all over the world.
Antenatal care has been shownto improve pregnancy outcomes

Good luck!

References

NHS; 30/6/2020; https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/antenatal-midwife-care-pregnant/

https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/antenatal-care

Signs Of Pregnancy

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For women who are actively trying to get pregnant, one question on their minds is “How do I know I am pregnant?”. While a pregnancy test is the only surefire way of knowing you are pregnant, there may be some early signs pointingto the possibility of a pregnancy.

However, it is equally important to note:

  • The presence of these symptoms does not mean that there is a pregnancy, and
  • The absence of these symptoms does not mean that there is no pregnancy.

What are the signs of pregnancy?

Implantation bleeding/spotting: After fertilisation, the fertilized egg moves from the fallopian tube to the uterus. Implantation of the baby in the womb may cause slight bleeding (or commonly called spotting) and this occurs 10 to 12 days after fertilisation. Although this is commonly confused with menstrual bleeding, it is actually seen a few days after ovulation and before normal menstrual flow. It is also far smaller than the normal flow of blood.

Cramps: Due to the rapid change in hormone levels, some women may also notice cramps. These cramps are also mistaken for menstrual cramps but are usually not as intense. 

Vaginal discharge: Some women may also have thick milky white/clear discharge. You might also see changes in the cervical mucus as the pregnancy matures.

Tenderness of the breasts: Progesterone, “the pregnancy hormone”, rapidly rises after implantation. Thia hormone causes the bosy to start getting read fpr the baby. A major part is production of breast milk via an increase/maturation in breast lobules/size.

Nausea a.k.a morning sickness: According to Nollywood movies, this is the most distinct sign of pregnancy. While it is not so dramatic, early morning sickness is a pretty distinct sign of pregnancy. However, this mostly occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and by the time it is significant enough, you would have had a positive pregnancy test.

The pregnancy strip remains the gold standard. Source:netdoctor.co.uk

Finally….

In all, the surest way to know you are pregnant is through an urine or blood pregnancy test. As stated earlier, these are not sure-fire pointers to pregnancy. In combination, however, they paint a pretty good picture of your pregnancy status.

References

Mayo Clinic; 16/06/20; https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853

Healthline; 16/06/20; www.healthline.com%2Fhealth%2Fpregnancy%2Fearly-symptoms-timeline&usg=AOvVaw3Ru4HcE1SzzUhkyyX_07wz

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Morning Sickness

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Ever since the pregnancy strip test confirmed I was pregnant with Bayo’s baby, my sense of smell sharpened drastically and the vomiting started. Even Amala and Ewedu, my favorite dish, now nauseates me. In addition, I noticed I was producing much more saliva than usual, causing me to spit out often.
As expected my darling husband, Bayo, became so worried considering the fact that this is our first pregnancy. Four days ago, when he noticed I wasnt getting any better, he insisted that we go see a doctor. After carefully observing me and asking a few questions, the doctor smiled warmly and advised us to stay calm. He further explained that all I have been going through for weeks is ‘early morning sickness’.
Are you just like me? Do you also want to find out what causes early morning sickness and how it can be managed through your diet?
Well, Here We Go!

Early morning sickness is caused as a result of increased production of a certain hormone called progesterone during pregnancy. Progesterone causes the relaxation of the stomach muscles and also slows down digestion. Although it is called early morning sickness, this is actually a misnomer because, the symptoms of this conditions can be felt at any time and last all through the day.
An extreme form of Early Morning Sickness is known as Hyperemesis Gravidarum, that is, severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

What foods do mums with morning sickness find particularly helpful?

Bananas

Bananas are rich in Pottasium which is an essential nutrient during pregnancy. Eating a banana after vomiting helps you replace lost electrolytes. In addition, Bananas serve as a rich source of Vit B6 which is known to reduce the impact of nausea or morning sickness.

Yoghurt; This nourishing drink is rich in both calcium and potassium. This refreshing drink also helps you replace lost electrolytes after vomiting. In addition, yoghurt provides a wide range of good nutrients like VitB and Potassium to you and you developing baby.

This nourishing drink is rich in both calcium and potassium. This refreshing drink also helps you replace lost electrolytes after vomiting
Yoghurt is rich in potasium and healthy gut bacteria

Potato Chips; As part of a healthy diet, potato chips can help soothe the feelings of early morning sickness. Furthermore, they contain Folic Acid which is beneficial for your unborn child. Eating potato chips regularly would also stimulate your thirst centre, leading you to drink more water and stay hydrated all day.

Chips can be grilled as a healthy option. Sweat potatos fries are rich in fibre,vitamin c and potassium
Images: shutterstock

Salt; Moderate salt intake, either through Salty Crackers or simply adding a small quantity to a glass of water, can help quell the nausea in some cases. Salt also increases your thirst for water, thereby, reducing the risk of dehydration.

Mints (TomTom, Orbit, ButterMint, BabaBlue); Common sweets or gums that contain a reasonable amount of menthol would help you abate the irritating feel of nausea. Pop one or two of these affordable confectionaries in your purse and try them whenever a wave of nausea comes .

Pepperfruit (nkarika, mmimi, igberi, obi ata); This local fruit contains essential vitamins which provide you with the required energy needed to move through your day regardless of any symptom of Early Morning Sickness that you may be experiencing.

African purple pear (ube , safou); Vitamin C is known to be very efficient in managing nausea and morning sickness. The African purple pear is an excellent source of Vitamin C. In addition, eating this fruit helps improve your digestion during pregnancy.

African purple pear (ube , safou) has been known to help with nausea
African purple pear (ube , safou) has been known to help with nausea
Image source shutter stock

Pepper; This a common constituent of most Nigerian dishes, however in addition to the spicy goodness it brings to your meals, pepper also plays a vital role in improving your digestion and providing relief from the common symptoms of early morning sickness.

Oranges; Oranges would not only keep you hydrated and healthy all day, but also supply you with sufficient doses of Vitamin C. The sweet and tangy flavor of oranges can provide you with some much needed respite from the inconvenience of morning sickness.

Oranges and Lemons are natural remedies for nausea in pregnancy
Oranges and Lemons are natural remedies for nausea in pregnancy

Lemon; This serves as an effective natural remedy for nausea. After breakfast, or during the day, you can stay hydrated by drinking water laced with a moderate amount of organic lemon. Taking as much lemon as possible helps deal with the nausea associated with early morning sickness in most women. In addition, lemon contains Citric Acid which improves digestion.

Ginger; Ginger aids digestion, improves saliva flow and also reduce the occurrence of nausea in most pregnant women. It is therefore advisable to drink about 3 to 4 cups of Ginger Tea daily during the early stages of your pregnancy. Ginger can also be blended with your pepper and tomatoes while making that delicious stew for you and your family.

Ginger can be taken fresh or in drinks such as tea and ginger ale to hep with morning sickness
Ginger can be taken fresh or in drinks such as tea and ginger ale to hep with morning sickness
Image source: Shutterstock

Gummy Bears; These are usually small fruit gum candies which contain sugar, starch and citric acid. Although the recipes for each flavour vary, the citric acid component present in gummy bears would provide some respite from nausea and irritation.

These are usually small fruit gum candies which contain sugar, starch and citric acid. Although the recipes for each flavour vary, the citric acid component present in gummy bears would provide some respite from nausea and irritation.
Gummy bears

Dry Crackers; Foods high in starch absorbs gastric acid and helps settle a queasy stomach. Eating a cracker or two before you get out of bed may help ease nausea in the morning.

Dry crackers absorb stomach acid. Eating them can help settle a quesy tummy.
Dry crackers absorb stomach acid. Eating them can help settle a quesy tummy.

This stage of pregnancy may present with other symptoms apart from vomiting and nausea. You may also experience excessive thirst and fatigue. The good news is that all the dietary components above contain essential nutrients and vitamins you need to stay healthy and active as you await the arrival of your little one.

A visual guide todealing with morning sickness
References

Yost, P. ( 2019). Explaining the Cruel Injustice of Morning Sickness. Assessed on 24th May, 2020 from https://health.clevelandclinic.org/explaining-the-cruel-injustice-of-morning-sickness/

Getting The Best Out of Your Breastfeeding Journey: The Bras You Need.

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A good nursing bra…….

Pregnant mums will often tell you how tight the band of their regular bras get as pregnancy progresses and their chest expands.

Demo of the Biamo designs nursing bra and pumping bra accessory

It’s like being in bondage to be honest. Add heart burn to the mix and these make you feel like going without a bra. If you are going to have to wear a nursing bra 24 hours a day for 6months just to make breastfeeding your infant seamless and hold nursing pads in place you are better of with a comfortable one. A nursing bra should be soft yet supportive making you forget you are wearing a bra at all.

  • First wear your most supportive regular bra
  • Using the side calibrated in inches and ensuring it’s parallel to the floor, take a tape measure and measure the diameter around the area just under the fold of your bust.
  • Whatever figure you get , round off to about the nearest even number. This is your band size. So it if you get 33” use 34” ; if you get 29” , use size 32” and so on
  • While still wearing the bra, using the same tape measure get the diameter of your chest at the fullest part of your bust.
  • Find the difference between this measurement and your band size ie. if you got a measurement of 36 and your band size is 34 , the difference (36-34) is 2 . This is a B cup so your measurement would be 34B
Measure Your Band and Cup Size
To Get a Good Bra Fit

You’ll want to look for a bra with no underwires, a smooth silhouette, extra rows of hooks and eyes at the back to accommodate changes in your chest size during pregnancy and breast feeding.

A good pumping bra……..

If you intend to build a stash of milk for storage you don’t have to hold on to your breast pump against your chest throughout your pumping session. You are bound to get tired and shift your hands loosing some of that suction pressure. Get a pumping bra that’s soft, but firm and stretchy enough for you to hold your breast shields firmly in place.

With The Biamo Designs Pumping Bra Accessory You Don’t Have to Hold Your Pump in Place As You Express Breastmilk

Some bras have a figure of 8 opening instead of a slit. This means you can feed your baby through there and don’t need to go through the ceremony of taking off your pumping bra if your little one wakes up and needs to be breastfed while you pump from the other breast.

Biamo designs nursing and pumping bras can be purchased from our online store. If you are on a budget ,you could convert an old sports bra to a pumping bra. Check out a demonstration we did on how to make one.

If you are on a budget , making a handsfree bra is easy

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