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Do You Think You’re Pregnant? Well, You May Be Wrong!

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You are seeing all the signs of pregnancy. Your period is late, your breasts are tender and swollen and you have gained a few kilos. Let us not even talk about the morning sickness.

The internet says all these are symptoms of pregnancy. For some, this news may be a reason for joy. For others however, it is a cause for alarm. Regardless of which side of the fence you are on, you may begin to make some preparations.

Wait!

Your period was late ? read this before you jump to conclusions.
Source: Giphy

What if I told you that you may not really be pregnant? That the pregnancy signs you are having may not be because a baby is growing in your womb?

Before you jump to any conclusions, about signs-of-pregnancy take a deep breath and read this article.

Before you jump to any conclusions, take a deep breath and read this article. What you find out may either stop your worry or deaden your excitement.

In here, we have compiled 5 signs of pregnancy that may actually be symptoms of something else!

 

1. MISSED PERIOD

There is a reason why doctors always ask when you had your last menstrual period. This is because a missed or late period is one the most common signs of pregnancy. However, your period might also not come for a variety of other reasons:

  • Hormonal Imbalance: Having irregular periods is a common sign that your hormones are off. At times, this may confuse you into thinking you are pregnant. Hormonal imbalances can be caused by stress, medications, and some medical conditions.
  • Stress: This is a common cause for late periods. You may even miss your period entirely. Are you preparing for your finals? Working extra time to bag that promotion? Well, do not be surprised if “madame” comes a little bit late!
  • Medical disorders: Some medical conditions can also make your period late. Especially ones which affect your thyroid gland or ovaries.
  • Weight Changes: Your menstrual cycle may be affected if your weight changes too fast. Experts suggest that gaining or losing about 20% of your body weight can cause you to miss your periods.
  • Contraceptives: Some types of birth control can also affect your period. Discuss with your doctor about your concerns if any about contraceptive options.

2. TENDER OR  SWOLLEN  BREASTS

This is also another sign that is usually associated with pregnancy.

tender swollen breasts is a sign-of-pregnancy and other conditions as well

Still, having aching or swollen breasts do not necessarily mean you are pregnant. It could just be a sign that you are about to have your period. Or it could mean that you are working too hard at the gym and you need to slow down a bit, especially with the heavy lifting.

3. NAUSEA

Morning sickness is widely regarded as the hallmark sign of pregnancy. Truth be told, this is not unusual because it occurs in about 70% of all pregnancies.

Puking your guts out is still no sure sign of pregnancy.
Vomitting maybe a symptom of something else

Yet, puking your guts out is still no sure sign that you are pregnant. Vomiting or stomach upset can also be as a result of:

  • Intense stress
  • Intestinal issues
  • Some medications
  • Viral infections
  • Ulcers
  • Food poisoning, amongst many others.

4. DROWSINESS AND FATIGUE

Everybody knows a pregnant woman is a tired and sleepy woman.

Especially one in her first trimester. This is because of hormonal changes. However, exhaustion and drowsiness may be caused by other reasons such as:

  • Increased physical activity
  • Reduced sleep
  • Overeating
  • Extreme weight loss diets
  • Some medications
  • Some medical conditions e.g low blood levels, depression, e.t.c.

 

5. MOOD SWINGS

Feel like your emotions are all over the place? Well, that could be a sign that you are pregnant…or not. Mood swings could also be as a result of:

  • Menopause
  • Menstruation
  • Anxiety & Depression 
  • Certain Diet & Exercise Plans

Regardless of what the internet or other mothers may tell you, the only real way to know if you are pregnant is to take a pregnancy test.

You can even use a pregnancy test strip at home.

A pregnancy test confirms if the symptoms you feel are due topregnancy
A pregnancy test confirms if the symptoms you feel are due topregnancy

Even with that, do not jump to conclusions yet. Go to the hospital. Get a blood test. Have your doctor confirm whether you are pregnant or not. Only then can you be

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VAGINAL DISCHARGE DURING PREGNANCY: WHEN SHOULD YOU WORRY?

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VAGINAL DISCHARGE DURING PREGNANCY: WHEN SHOULD YOU WORRY?

The journey from pregnancy to childbirth is quite exciting. However, it can also be confusing for first-time mothers.

Your body is going through a lot of changes during this period and it may be difficult to tell what’s normal and what isn’t normal.

One of such changes is your vaginal discharge, which can change during pregnancy.

To a large extent, these changes are normal. However, they may also serve as an indicator of a problem. This would definitely raise the question: When should I begin to worry?

To answer this, you need to know when not to worry. This begins with knowing what is normal.

pregnancy hormones affect your discharge in many ways

WHAT IS NORMAL?

It is normal to have discharge whether you are pregnant or not.

However, pregnancy hormones affect your discharge in many ways. You may notice this change shortly after conception, even before you realize you are pregnant.

A healthy vaginal discharge ranges from;

  • Clear to milky white.
  • Thin to thick or mucus-like.
  • Mild-smelling or odourless.

Your discharge would become more noticeable as your pregnancy advances. The closer you get to your delivery date, the heavier your discharge would get. You may have to wear a panty liner. It is best to use an unscented one.

Also, avoid tampons.

Your discharge may contain streaks of blood in the last weeks of pregnancy. Do not panic if this happens. It is just an early sign of labor and is no cause for alarm.

WHAT IS ABNORMAL?

Abnormal vaginal discharge can be a sign of a bacterial or yeast infection. It may also be a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease (STD). If you are pregnant, it can serve as an indicator that something is wrong with the pregnancy.

You should be concerned if your discharge;

  • is yellow, green, or gray in color
  • has a strong and foul odour
  • comes with redness, itching or swelling
  • causes pain or soreness during urination or sex
  • changes drastically in quantity, colour and texture.  
You should be concerned if your discharges is yellow, green, or gray in color
Image : Shutterstock

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

There is little you can do about normal vaginal discharge. Some women find it helpful to wear panty liners. Others may find it irritating. Whichever side you are on though, never resort to using tampons. They are highly discouraged during pregnancy.

Nevertheless, there are some little things you can do to keep your private area healthy. Some of them are;

  • Wipe properly; from front to back after using the loo
  • Change your clothes immediately after working out or swimming.
  • Reduce wearing tight pants, leggings or underwear, especially those made with synthetic materials. Wear more loose fitting clothing and cotton underwear.
  • Always keep your genital area dry.
  • Avoid scented pads or panty liners, bubble baths, deodorant soaps, or any other thing that may irritate your already sensitive skin.
  • Please, as tempting as it may be, do not douche. It disrupts the normal vaginal environment and increases your risk of getting an infection.
  • If you do develop an infection, consult your health care provider. A suitable vaginal cream or persary may be recommended for you.
If you do develop an infection, consult your health care provider. A suitable vaginal cream or persary may be recommended for you.

Your vaginal health is very important during pregnancy. Do not take it lightly. There is no need to be ashamed to voice out any concerns you may have about your discharge. Speak to your health care provider about any changes that may worry you. They are always there to help you and your baby.

REFERENCES
  • Juliann Schaeffer 2019, Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy: What’s Normal?, Healthline, Viewed on July 27, 2020,  <https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/vaginal-discharge-during-pregnancy#1>.
  • Karisa Ding 2017, Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy, Babycenter, Viewed on July 27, 2020, <https://www.babycenter.com/0_vaginal-discharge-during-pregnancy_270.bc>.
  • Tamekia Reece 2020, Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy, Healthline, Viewed on July 27, 2020, <https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/my-body/pregnancy-health/discharge-during-pregnancy-whats-safe-whats-not/>.
  • Shutterstock

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10 Reasons Why You Should Take A Pregnancy Test

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Reasons Why You Should Take A Pregnancy Test

Cynthia was too busy to be pregnant.

In fact, she just couldn’t be. It didn’t matter that she had missed her last period or she’d started to doze during those long, boring meetings at the office.

Some women get headaches with chills when the are pregnant

All that matters is that she just couldn’t be pregnant.

Or Could She?

You can't tell if you are pregnant for sure till you have a pregnancy test done
Source: GIPHY

Many women consider a missed period and/or morning sickness to be the hallmark of being pregnant.

However, there are other signs to look out for.

In this article, we’ve compiled 10 of these ‘other signs’ for you. They should prompt you to consider doing a pregnancy test.

1. FATIGUE

Most women tend to get tired faster during the early stages of pregnancy.

This is caused by increased production of a certain hormone called Progesterone. In addition, pregnancy causes the heart to work harder as it pumps more blood to send necessary nutrients to the growing baby.

2. MOOD SWINGS

pregnancy can make you irritable but there's no way of telling till you take a pregnancy test
Source: Giphy

Pregnancy comes with a lot of hormonal changes.

Sometimes, these hormones affect your mood. Most pregnant women claim to have started experiencing sudden mood swings as early as the first week of pregnancy.

3. WEIRD FOOD CRAVINGS

Many husbands dread this part.

Sudden food cravings are quite common throughout pregnancy
Image: Shutterstock

Sudden food cravings are quite common throughout pregnancy. In some cases, it is even difficult to eat a meal that you craved for just minutes ago. Certain food cravings can even last all through the period of pregnancy.

4. TENDER/SWOLLEN BREASTS

This symptom can arise as early as the second week of pregnancy.

early pregnancy may come with tender breasts

The hormonal changes during this period can make the breasts sore, swollen or even ticklish. In many women, the breasts feel heavier or fuller.

5. Headaches

Of course, no one likes this.

Once again, the hormones released during pregnancy can result in periodic but annoying headaches.

6. Slight Bleeding

This is different from the usual menstrual bleeding. In this case, the blood is slightly lighter in colour than menstrual blood.

The slight bleeding that occurs in the early stage of pregnancy is called Implantation Bleeding; this happens when the developing baby safely attaches to the walls of the womb.

7. Frequent Urination

Has the need to pee suddenly tripled?

You probably need to conduct a pregnancy test. In the first few weeks of pregnancy, the pressure to urinate increases drastically. This is caused the action of a pregnancy hormone called Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HcG).

8. Morning Sickness

Nausea or Morning Sickness usually begins in the 2nd or 3rd week of being pregnant. It is also important to note that this feeling of nausea or irritation can be experienced at any time of the day.

9. CRAMPS

Again, the hormones are responsible.

Rapid hormonal changes in the first few weeks of being pregnant sometimes result in mild cramps. Although they are not as intense, women often write them off as the regular menstrual cramps.

10. VAGINAL DISCHARGE

During pregnancy, there are noticeable changes to this normal process.

Some women begin to notice an increase in the volume of vaginal discharge as soon as they get pregnant. Most times, this discharge is clear or milky white.

Eventually,

Cynthia bought a regular home test kit from a nearby pharmacy. Within minutes, she confirmed that she and her long-term partner were indeed expecting a baby!

Although these symptoms are closely associated with early pregnancy, they can also mean something else. In some cases, they may result from stress, medication change or lifestyle modifications.

If you really think you’re pregnant, the smartest option is to actually conduct a Pregnancy Test

REFERENCES
  • What Are Some Common Signs of Pregnancy. Viewed on July 29th, 2020 from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/signs.
  • Early Pregnancy Symptoms. Viewed on July 29th, 2020 from https://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/pregnancy-am-i-pregnant
  • Shutterstock

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All you need to know about Gestational Diabetes

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A medical condition affecting about a hundred thousand women yearly, gestational diabetes (GDM) is a condition that does not receive the attention it deserves. In this article, we would walk through what gestational diabetes is, risk factors for GDM, symptoms, how it is diagnosed, complications and how to prevent it.

What is GDM?

First, a quick background. Insulin is a hormone produces by the body in the pancreas that regulates energy levels by helping convert blood sugar into energy. GDM occurs when hormones produced in pregnancy (e.g. progesterone, human placenta lactogen, cortisol) affect the normal functioning of insulin, leading to an increased level of blood sugar (or hyperglycemia) in pregnant women.

GDM is usually only seen during pregnancy and usually clears up after the baby is born. It usually arises between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy.

What are the risk factors for developing GDM?

All women are at risk of developing GDM. However, some factors may put you at increased risk. These include:

  • Being of Black, Asian or Middle eastern background.
  • Having a Body Mass Index of >30 [This can be calculated by Weight(kg)/Height2(m2)]
  • Having a previous baby with a birth weight greater than 4 kg
  • A family relative diagnosed with diabetes
  • A previous pregnancy with GDM.
Being black and overweight are risk factors for GDM.
Source: web.musc.edu

What are the symptoms of GDM?

Most women with GDM would not present with any symptoms. However, some women may have:

  • Sugar in urine. A test done by the nurses at the clinic would diagnose this.
  • Frequent urination, but in large quantities.
  • Increased thirst
  • Tiredness
  • A dry mouth
Being black and overweight puts you at risk of gestational diabetes
Being black and overweight puts you at risk of gestational diabetes

How is it diagnosed?

During your routine antenatal visits, the doctor would assess your risk of having GDM. He would ask you questions about your medical background, run a couple of tests around 24 weeks to ascertain your blood sugar levels. The oral glucose tolerance test. The routine urine test during your antenatal visit is also a way of screening for GDM.

What are the possible complications?

While most women with GDM have normal pregnancies, some women may have some of the following complications:

  • Accumulation of excessive amounts of the fluid (amniotic fluid) around the baby. This is a potential cause of premature labour.
  • GDM can lead to heart abnormalities in the baby.
  • There is a risk of infertility, pregnancy loss, or stillbirth.
  • Premature labour (these are contractions coming in before you are 36-37 weeks)
  • Large babies: The Birth Weight of the baby may be greater than 4 kg.
  • Large babies run the risk of injuries during birth.
  • If not properly managed, GDM can evolve into Type II Diabetes.
  • It can also reoccur in future pregnancies.

Is there any way to treat it?

The fundamental ways include monitoring and control of your blood sugar level and eating a special diet as prescribed by a dietician. You also need to loose weight if you are obese. Medication may be offerred if these fail to control your blood sugar.

Diabetes can be managed with exercise and healthy eating
Diabetes can be managed with exercise and healthy eating

Can GDM be prevented?

If you are planning on getting pregnant and you have any of the risk factors above, it is also very important to watch your weight and plan your pregnancies with your doctor.

References

American Diabetes Association; 24/06/2020; https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/gestational-diabetes

Thomas R. Moore; 24/06/2020; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127547-overview

Loosing weight after childbrth require commitment

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Preeclampsia

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Melinda was a beautiful, 37 year-old woman who was pregnant with her second baby. After divorcing her first partner, she decided to try IVF with her new partner as she was getting older. Unfortunately, she died in childbirth as a complication of a medical condition called preeclampsia.

So what is preeclampsia, you may ask?

Preeclampsia is a condition seen in pregnant women and it shows the following characteristics:

  • High blood pressure
  • Presence of proteins in the urine
  • Swelling of the legs and hand due to accumulation of fluid in the body.
High blood pressure is one of the symptoms of pre eclampsia
High blood pressure is one of the symptoms of pre eclampsia

Preeclampsia is usually seen at after the 20th week of pregnancy, although it can occur before that.

Some women may also complain of other symptoms like severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, a dramatic weight gain due to increase in body fluid, belly pain and dizziness.

Signs of pre-eclampsia

What are the causes of preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia develops only as a complication of pregnancy. Some studies attribute it to issues with the way the placenta implants to the mother’s womb. There has been no certified reason. However, risk factors include:

Age. If you are quite young (less than 18 years) or older than 35, you have a higher chance of getting it.

Obesity. The risk of preeclampsia is higher if you’re overweight or obese.

Multiple pregnancy. Women carrying more than one baby (twins or more) are at a higher risk of developing preeclampsia.

Interval between pregnancies. If you have less than two years’ interval between your children, or there are are more than 10 years between them, you might be at higher risk.

History of certain conditions. Women with a previous history of diabetes, chronic hypertension are also at higher risk.

New paternity. Like Melinda, each pregnancy with a new partner increases the risk.

First pregnancy. The risk is highest during your first pregnancy.

Race. Black women have been shown to be at higher risk of developing preeclampsia.

History of preeclampsia. If anyone in your family has had pre-eclempsia, there is a chance it might occur again.

Complications

Some complications of preeclampsia include:

  • Fetal growth restriction. Preeclampsia may affect the arteries carrying blood to the placenta. This would lead to a reduction in nutrients reaching the baby and thus, stunted growth of the baby.
  • Preterm birth. Severe preeclampsia is a medical emergency and can lead to preterm. Prematurity can lead to breathing and other problems for your baby.
  • Eclampsia. In severe cases, the woman might progress to eclampsia, which is characterised by seizures
  • Organ damage. Preeclampsia may result in damage to organs like the kidneys, liver, lung, heart, or eyes. It can also cause a stroke or other brain injury. The extent of the damage depends on how severe the preeclampsia.

The earlier it occurs in pregnancy, the greater the risks for mother and child.

Prevention

There is no clear-cut way that has been proven to treat this condition. However, some studies have reported an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of preeclampsia.

Before you become pregnant, it is quite important to be in your best state of health. Also, using your Body Mass Index (BMI), try to attain your optimal weight and make sure other conditions, such as diabetes, are well-managed. Last but not the least, please visit your antenatal clinic as regularly as possible.

References

Kee-Hak Lim; 15/06/2020; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1476919-overview

WebMD; 15/06/2020; https://www.webmd.com/baby/preeclampsia-eclampsia#1

Losing Baby Weight Fast: Strategies That Are Guaranteed To Work

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Losing Baby Weight Fast: Strategies That Are Guaranteed To Work

Nkem stared long and hard at herself in the mirror; and she didn’t like what she saw.

It had been two weeks since she delivered her baby. She expected that by now, she’d have shed most of the weight gained during pregnancy.

Getting on a scale can be scarey
Getting on a scale can be scarey

After all, she had seen celebrities do it.

Sadly, her current body was far from its pre-pregnancy state. She now had fat in her tummy, arranged in rolls that weren’t there before. Her clothes still did not fit and putting on jeans has become a deep struggle.

Baby Fat
Source: Shutterstock

Although she loved her baby and enjoyed the entire pregnancy process, Nkem was not pleased with the weight gain and had hoped to shed it as soon as possible.

Unfortunately, this was proving very difficult.         

Just like Nkem, many women struggle with shedding excess weight after childbirth. Most give up along the way, thinking it is an impossible feat.

If you’re in these shoes, you need not worry.

Losing baby weight is achievable and we are here to help you with the right way to go about it.          

What Is Baby Weight?  

Weight gain during pregnancy is normal.

Your body stores extra fat to prepare for childbirth and breastfeeding. Storing too much causes excess weight gain, called “baby weight”.

Here’s How To Lose Baby Weight

 A combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise is the best way.

Regular Diet and Exercise is essential for healthy living
Source: Shutterstock

The extent of weight loss achievable varies from woman to woman. The amount of weight gained during pregnancy also plays a role.

However, regardless of your body type, we have compiled some tips to help you lose the extra pounds, especially around your tummy!

  • Calorie Counting

Counting calories is a great way to lose weight. Experts recommend that your calorie budget should be designed so that you lose no more than 1 pound (approximately 1/2kg) per week.

This can be achieved by subtracting 500 calories from your daily calorie requirement, creating a weekly deficit of 3,500 calories. This equates to 1pound.

As a nursing mother, you do not need to subtract from your daily requirement. Producing breast milk requires about 450-500 extra calories. Therefore, taking the same number of calories as you did before getting pregnant would still help you lose weight.

  • Food Logging

A food log is a diary where you record down everything you eat. It is an efficient way to keep track of calories. You can do this with a physical diary where you write down everything you eat.

Calorie counting apps can also be used to keep track of your calorie intake. Some of these apps give you the caloric content of foods.

This helps you know the right portions to eat for your budget.

Planning is essential on your weight loss journey
Planning is crucial!
Source: Canva

A Healthy Diet Is Key

A healthy diet does not translate to boring food, neither does it mean eating fruits and vegetables only.

Your aim is a well-balanced diet that provides the right nutrients in the right quantity, at the same time, helping you lose general body weight and tummy fat.

Some modifications you could make to your diet include;

  1. Cutting back on carbs (White bread, pasta and chips)
  2. Including more protein (Lean beef, Seafood, Eggs and Beans)
  3. Eating more vegetables (Tomatoes, Bitter leaves, Water leaves, Cabbage, Cucumbers and Carrots)
  4. Consuming only healthy fats (Olive, Coconut and Avocado oils)
  5. Eating high-fibre foods (Oats, Abacha [African salad], Avocados and Whole-wheat bread)
  6. Taking more fruits (Apples, Berries and Oranges)
  • Avoid Junk Food

Junk food is not your friend when trying to lose to baby weight, especially around your tummy.

It does very little for your body.

Sugary drinks, alcohol and foods containing refined sugars are high in calories and low in nutrients. In addition, processed, fried and salty foods like chips, cookies and baked goods do not help you.

Junk food contains high level carbohydrates and calories
Avoid food with high level calories
source: Shutterstock

Try replacing them with fresh, whole foods and watch your the inches disappear from your waist!

Other means include;

  • Get More Sleep

Lack of sleep may affect your weight loss negatively. The recommended amount is 8hours a day. Although it may prove difficult with your newborn, try to get as much sleep as you can.

  • Exercise

Exercise is a great way to burn extra calories. Go easy if you are a new mum, you can even try taking a walk with your baby. Yoga is also a good way to help you relax; some poses like the camel pose could help reduce tummy fat.

Pelvic exercises like kegel exercises are also encouraged. You could also include cardio exercises, e.g. jogging, running, and cycling as time passes.

  • Ask For Help

Your partner, family and friends are there for you. They could help prepare healthy meals or take care of your baby. This allows you rest, catch up on some lost sleep and exercise.

Also, if you need professional help, your doctor, family nurse, or a psychologist could offer support.

What You Should Avoid

  • Starvation

Depriving yourself of food is going to harm you and your baby. Food is not your enemy, your body needs it to stay alive.

Losing excess baby weight is necessary, but starvation is not the way to go about it. Sticking to a healthy diet and exercise plan is a better approach guaranteed to get you desired results.

  • Crash Dieting

The best weight loss plans are the long-term ones. While crash dieting may give you fast results, these are only temporary.

You would most likely end up gaining all the weight you lost, or even more! Same thing goes for skipping meals.

Comparison Is Wrong

Do not compare yourself to other mothers.

Everybody’s weight loss journey is different, some may take longer than others. Therefore, you should focus on yourself and your baby. You would lose the weight in due time.

Losing Baby Weight And Breast Feeding

Producing breast milk uses up calories. When these calories are gotten from the fat stored in your body, you lose baby weight faster. Additionally, regular suckling by your baby leads to the production of oxytocin. 

This hormone causes uterine contraction and helps it shrink back to its pre-pregnancy state. This would in turn reduce your tummy size.

It is crucial that you do not lose too much weight too fast. This would not be good for you and your baby. The quantity and quality of your breast milk could suffer. Aim to lose weight gradually. This would give you enough energy and keep your milk supply high.

In Summary

Achieving a healthy weight after pregnancy is important, but it should be done the right way. Being realistic would help you avoid unnecessary stress and anxiety.

Furthermore, keep in mind that despite what many women’s magazines and celebrity stories portray, weight loss after childbirth is not automatic. It would take time, and you may not go back to your pre-baby weight straight away.

Although the amount of weight you lose after giving birth may vary, it is important that you return to a healthy weight range.

The best way to achieve this is through a healthy diet and exercise.

References
  • Anisha Nair 2018, Yoga after Delivery-Getting Back into Shape After Childbirth, Firstcry Parenting, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/yoga-after-delivery-getting-back-into-shape-after-childbirth>.
  • Donna Murray 2020, Breastfeeding and Losing Too Much Weight, Verywell Family, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.verywellfamily.com/breastfeeding-and-losing-too-much-weight-431877>.
  • Elise Mandl 2017, 16 Effective Tips to Lose Baby Weight After Pregnancy, Healthline, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/weight-loss-after-pregnancy>.
  • Kris Gunnars 2019, 50 Foods That Are Super Healthy, Healthline, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/50-super-healthy-foods>.
  • Maria Masters 2019, Losing The Baby Weight: The Truth About Shedding Pounds After Birth, What To Expect, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/losing-baby-weight>.
  • Nicci Micco 2020, Lose That Baby Fat, Parents, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.parents.com/parenting/moms/healthy-mom/lose-that-baby-fat/>.
  • Sarah G. Miller 2016, The Best Ways to Lose Weight After Pregnancy, Live Science, Viewed on June 16, 2020, <https://www.livescience.com/53768-how-to-lose-weight-after-pregnancy.html>.
  • Shutterstock Images
How do I loose weight after childbirth?

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What Skin Changes Could I Expect During Pregnancy?

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Pregnancy brings a lot of changes to the female body.  And while a lot more goes on internally, the more obvious changes occur on the skin. These changes may be a source of anxiety for some women as their skin undergoes what some would call drastic changes. Together, we would go through some of the changes we might see on the skin during pregnancy.

What are some changes we might see on the skin during pregnancy?

Hyperpigmentation and linea nigra: The line nigra is a dark line that runs in the middleof the tummy. It starts from just below the breast to the pubic hair. It is a part of the hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) which occurs due to hormonal changes. This darkening is more noticeable on inner thighs, genitals,the ski around the base of the nipple (areola) and neck. It usually clears up after childbirth. However, some dark spots do not go away. Wearing sunscreen and hats when you are outdoors may help out too.

The Linea nigra is the dark line running through the center of the tummy
The Linea nigra is the dark line running through the center of the tummy
Source: Shutterstock

Stretch marks: As the baby keeps growing, the growth stretches the overlying skin. It leads to stretch marks, especially in areas of heavy growth – like the belly, breasts and thighs. This is one of the most common skin changes in pregnancy and is more noticeable in the third trimester. Sometimess they itch. While it does not have a definite cure, most of them fade after birth. Some sources claim that using heavy moisturisers may be of help.

Developing stretch marks depends on genetics
Not all mums develop stretch marks
Image : Shutterstock

Varicose veins: As the baby keeps growing bigger, its increased weight causes a decrease in blood flow from your legs back to your heart. This causes pooling of blood in the legs and the appearance of varicose veins. Thankfully, they usually clear up after delivery. Some ways that you can reduce is by moderate exercise, propping your legs on a footstool and wearing a pressure stockings.

Acne/pimples: A less common complaint of pregnancy, pimples are a result of hormonal changes in the body. They can be treated by washing your face twice daily with mild soaps and lukewarm water. You should also avoid oil-based skin products and picking/popping of oil pores. Some products should however be avoided during pregnancy. These include:

  • Hormonal therapy
  • Oral tetracyclines, as it increases the risk of tooth discoloration in children.
  • Any product with isotretinoin, a form of Vitamin A as it can increase the risk of congenital anomalies in the child.

You may never experience any of these changes. If you notice any changes on your skin asides this, please consult your doctor as soon as possible.

References

ACOG; 23/06/2020; https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy

Amy O’Connor; 23/06/2020; https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/symptoms-and-solutions/skin-changes.aspx

How to achieve great skin during pregnancy
Skin care tips with Imaka skin stash

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What should you know about weight gain in pregnancy?

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Many factors play a role in determining the appropriate weight gain in pregnancy. Some of these factors include:

  • Pre-pregnancy weight
  • Body Mass Index. This can be calculated by dividing your weight (in Kg) with the square of your height (in metres). BMI = weight(kg)/Height2 (m)
  • Your state of health.
  • Your baby’s state of health.

However, please remember that you should carry your doctor along in whatever steps you plan on taking.

Where does the weight I gain in pregnancy go?

All the weight you gain does not just go to the baby. The whole distribution is as follows:

  • Baby: 3 to 3.6 kg
  • Breasts: 0.5 to 1.4 kg
  • Uterus: 0.9 kg
  • Placenta: 0.7 kg
  • Increased blood: 1.4to 1.8 kg
  • Increased body fluid: 0.9 to 1.4kg
  • Fat stores: 2.7 to 3.6 kg

What are the approved guidelines for weight gain in pregnancy?

Appropriate weight gain for single pregnancies is different from a mother with multiple pregnancies.

For mothers with a single-mother pregnancy

Pre-pregnancy weight                                          Recommended weight gain

Underweight (BMI<15)                                                  13 to 18 kg

Normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)                              11 to 16 kg

Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9)                                        7 to 11kg

Obesity (BMI>30)                                                             5 to 9 kg

Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council

All the weight you gain does not just go to the baby. It's distributed to your placenta, womb, breasts and more.
Weight gain for a mother with more than one baby is higher than a mother with one baby.

For mothers carrying twins or more

Pre-pregnancy weight                                      Recommended weight gain

Normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)                              17 to 25 kg

Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9)                                        14 to 23 kg

Obesity (BMI>30)                                                             11 to 19 kg

Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council

Being underweight before/during pregnancy increases the chance of your baby also being underweight. Being overweight before/during pregnancy increases the chance of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and a bigger-than-average baby (macrosomia). You might also need a Caesarian section to deliver the baby.

Finally,

As your pregnancy progresses, your doctor would closely monitoring the baby’s growth, your weight and may recommend measures as appropriate. If needed, please also consult a dietitian for the best combination of meals that would suit you and the baby.

Also, after the pregnancy, see a dietician to help you with the right strategies to lose your baby weight.

References

Colleen De Bellefonds; 26/06/2020; https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/weight-gain/

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10 Reasons Why You May Experience Periods While Pregnant

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Most women celebrate the news of a positive pregnancy test for many reasons, one of which is a much-needed break from monthly menstrual periods. During a menstrual period, the womb sheds off the extra lining it has built up in case of pregnancy.

Source: Shutterstock

Although a woman may experience uterine bleeding during pregnancy, it is not due to a period. It is not possible to have a true menstrual period during pregnancy due to the hormonal changes which prevent you from menstruating.

In addition, it is also impossible for your womb to shed its entire lining while maintaining a pregnancy. However, it is possible to have menstrual-like bleeding for a variety of reasons during pregnancy.

Some of these reasons include;

  • Implantation or Decidual Bleeding

Women who complain about having periods during pregnancy are simply experiencing Decidual Bleeding, in which a small part of the uterine lining might shed for the first few months of pregnancy.

Period like bleeding in early pregnancy can also be caused by a phenomenon called implantation bleeding, which is spotting that can occur in the first month of pregnancy. It usually occurs around the time of the first ‘missed’ menstrual period.

  • Changes in the cervix

The hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause alterations in the cervix, making it softer and more prone to bleeding. In addition, a harmless overgrowth of tissue may form in the cervix.

In both cases, spotting or light bleeding may be occur after sexual intercourse or a pelvic examination.

  • Vaginal Infection

A vaginal infection may cause spontaneous vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. The bleeding may be accompanied by an abnormal vaginal discharge

Vaginal Infections May Sometimes Occur During Pregnancy
Source: Shutterstock
  • Sexual intercourse

Most women continue to have sexual relations while pregnant, unless a doctor advises otherwise.

In some cases, certain women may experience light spotting or bleeding due to increased sensitivity of the vaginal and cervical tissues.

  • Molar pregnancy

Molar pregnancy is an abnormality of fertilization which causes an abnormal tissue to grow within the uterus.

This is not a typical pregnancy, but the growth within the uterus leads to the typical symptoms of early pregnancy.

A molar pregnancy cannot result in a normal fetus or delivery, however, vaginal spotting or bleeding can be a symptom of molar pregnancy.

hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with molar pregnancies.
Source: Shutterstock

Other Causes Are;

  • Ectopic pregnancy

Mild vaginal bleeding and increasing tummy pain may indicate the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. This condition arises when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

Sometimes, an ectopic pregnancy may be located in the uterine tube. As the pregnancy grows and the tube stretches, the tummy pain becomes increasingly severe. Sometimes these pregnancies rupture the uterine tube, leading to significant blood loss. Sometimes the amount of visible blood lost bellies the actual amount you are loosing in your tummy.

Early bleeding during pregnancy plus or minus abdominal pain may be an ectopic pregnanct
Source: Shutterstock
  • Subchorionic hemorrhage

In this condition, blood accumulates between the wall of the womb and the sac of fluid encasing your baby. Normally, the body frequently reabsorbs these blood clots, however, dark blood or small clots may be discharged from the vagina.

  • Cervical examination

A doctor may inspect your cervix to check for any abnormalities. This procedure can result in some minor bleeding during pregnancy.

  • Uterine rupture

This is a medical emergency that occurs when the womb tears during labour. This condition is likely to occur in women who have previously had a cesarean delivery or surgery on the womb.

  • Placental abruption

In this instance, the placenta starts to separate from the uterus (womb) before the baby is delivered. It is also a serious medical emergency and the baby’s life is at risk.

What’s The Next Step?

If you experience any form of bleeding during pregnancy, it is advisable to note the colour (is it bright red or brown ?), amount (how many pads did it soak up?) and consistency ( were there clups or bits of tissue in it?). This info is important when you speak with the doctor during antenatal clinics. It will give the doctor a clue as to the source and severity of the bleeding.

Bleeding during pregnancy does not mean that you are experiencing a menstrual period. In addition, heavy bleeding may indicate a health issue that requires medical attention. Whenever bleeding during pregnancy is observed, it should always be reported to a doctor in order to rule out miscarriage and other complications. Learn about bleeding after delivery.

References
  • Nall, R. (2018). Can you have a period while pregnant? Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322598
  • Danielsson, R. (2020). Potential Causes of Bleeding During Pregnancy. Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.verywellfamily.com/is-it-possible-to-have-a-period-during-pregnancy-2371251
  • Blocker, W. (2019). Bleeding During Pregnancy (First, Second, and Third Trimester). Accessed on June 12, 2020 from https://www.medicinenet.com/pregnancy_bleeding_during_the_first_trimester/article.htm#what_should_you_know_about_bleeding_during_pregnancy
Watch the replay of our instagram live on recovery from caesarian sections

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How Will My Antenatal Visit Go?

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Antenatal care is the attention others receive during pregnancy. It ensures you and your baby are in the best state of health. Over the period of pregnancy, the doctor follows up on you and your baby’s health to ensure your pregnancy goes as smoothly as possible.

Attending your antenatal appointments is quite important. Any potential risks to the baby can be identified and prevented or reduced. Antenatal care is important in the prevention of several pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia.

Antenatal clinics serve as good avenues to learn more about the baby’s growth per trimester. This is a chance for the doctors and midwives to educate you on any important changes in lifestyle you may need to make.

Some hospitals have classes just before the clinics begin. Others have these on special days. Here, you will get information that will prepare you for childbirth, care of your baby such as bathing, diapering, breastfeeding.

What happens during the antenatal clinic?

Your doctor would obtain an account of your medical history and lifestyle from you to determine any risks you may have

The antenatal care you get throughout your pregnancy depends on:

  • your health and any risks you or your baby may have
  • the stage of pregnancy you are at, and
  • any problems you may experience.

The doctors would ask some questions like:

  • when you had your last period, tell you when the baby is due, what trimester you are in and what this means for you and your baby
  • finding out about your medical history, general health, and how any previous pregnancies were
  • the ethnic origins of you and your partner to find out whether your baby may be at risk of certain genetic inherited conditions
  • what medication you may be taking
  • ensuring you’ve had a recent pap smear(to assess risk of cervical cancer)
  • making sure your mental health is OK, and supporting you if you have depression or anxiety
  • checking your blood pressure and weight and testing your urine
  • providing advice on a healthy diet
  • feeling and measuring your tummy to find out how may babies you are carrying
  • estimate baby’s position and size, and listening to the baby’s heartbeat
  • advise you on care for your baby after pregnancy

How many antenatal visits will I have?

The frequency of your antenatal visits is determined by the doctor’s assessments. Pregnancies with possible complications would come with more antenatal visits, for example, if a mother has gestational diabetes, the doctor needs to monitor the pregnancy more closely than others.

In most hospitals in Nigeria, they schedule you to have one visit per month until the pregnancy is about 22 weeks. Then one visit every two weeks till about 32 weeks and once a week till birth.

What assessments would I undergo?

Ultrasound scans are done to monitor baby's growth and ensure all is well with the mothers womb and placenta
Image: Shutterstock

You would have ultrasound pregnancy tests done between 8 to 14 weeks to check for any abnormalities in the baby’s organs. These are repeated based on need.

Also, you would have blood tests to check for your blood group and genotype, HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis and other infections that can affect your pregnancy or be passed on to your baby. Every visit, your doctor would also examine your pregnancy to check the baby’s heartbeats and movements.

Antenatal visits can seem very stressful and time-consuming. However, it is still in the best interest for you and your baby. To get the best out of your visit, be sure to write down beforehand questions or concerns you have. Always ask questions and make notes of the responses your doctor gives you.

These visits are more or less an opportunity to profile the risk level of your pregnancy and identify early and deal with any potential health issues that can threaten your well being or that of your baby. They have been proven to improve the chances of survival and thriving for mum and baby all over the world.
Antenatal care has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes

Good luck!

References

NHS; 30/6/2020; https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/antenatal-midwife-care-pregnant/

https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/antenatal-care

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